Profenofos Case Study

Pesticides are frequently used for controlling pests in agricultural field but they also enter into aquatic system and ultimately affect non-target organism like fish very adversely.Profenofos a well known organophosphate pesticide is a potential toxicant polluting the aquatic system which has been in agricultural use for controlling pests . The present study is aimed to assess the histopathological impact of lethal (0.3 parts per million (ppm)) and sub lethal (0.06 parts per million (ppm)) concentrations of profenofos in the liver of an air breathing fresh water teleost Channa gachua. The histopathology revealed vacuolation of cytoplasm, degeneration of hepatocytes, , ruptured blood vessels, pycnosis and necrosis .
Keywords: Profenofos,
Result revealed that Profenofos induced discernible micro structural alternations in the liver of the Channa gachua. The deleterious effects were more pronounced in the Profenofos stress. The morphological changes in liver gave better understanding of the mode of action of the tested pesticides. The changes in the microstructure of liver in present investigation are not characteristic only of Profenofos , but a number of other pesticides are also known to produce the similar histopathological changes in liver of a fish. . Couch (1975) reported perivascular lesions in liver of fishes exposed to organic contaminants and pesticides. Different investigators and authors noticed toxical changes in the liver of Catfish after exposure to organophosphate and allied group of pesticides. Elezaby et al; (2000) studied the effect of Malathion on the fish on the fish Oreochromis vilotitus and has observed that Malathion induced many histopathological changes in the liver and gills of fishes. These changes were hemorrhage , necrosis and lipidosis in the liver. Shukla et al; (2005), noticied in his observation that when the cat fish Clarias batrachus is exposed to the increased concentration (0.16/ml) of the organophosphate pesticide Nuvan, the hepatocytes exhibited reduction in their sizes and peripheral accumulation of cytoplasm. The nuclei of the hepatocytes lost their rounded appearence and the cell boundaries became obliterated at places after 20 days of pesticide exposure. The hemorrhage in liver was evident by increased volume of sinusoidal space .6. The hazardous effect of the Pyrethnoid insecticide fenvalerate on the histology and histochemistry of the liver of the Catfish (Clarias