L2PhonologyLecture v21jan15 1

Vincent
Renner


<vincent.renner@univ‐lyon2.fr>


Winter
2015


Virtual
Office
group:
'Renner‐L2‐linguistics'


Phonetics
vs
Phonology

 Phonetics
is
the
study
of
speech.

 Articulatory
phonetics
is
a
branch
which
describes


how
the
speech
organs
(=
articulators)
are
used
to
 produce (=
articulate)
speech
sounds.


 Phonology
is
the
study
of
the
organization


of
speech
sounds
in
the
minds
of
speakers.




Speech
sound
production

 Air
stream
modified
by


organs
of
speech.

 Modifications
have
 acoustic effects.

 Production
divided
into:

1. initiation
process

2. phonation
process

3. oro‐nasal
process

4. articulation
process


 Initiation
of
the
air
stream,
in
the
lungs

 
Air
pushed
up;
air
stream
provides
energy
for
speech.

 
In
Western
European
languages,
only
pulmonic


egressive
sounds.


 Phonation
of
the
air
stream,
through
vocal
folds

 Through
the
larynx,
a
cartilage
casing
containing
two


horizontal
folds
of
tissue,
the
vocal
folds.


 Gap
between
vocal
folds
called
the
glottis.

 Vocal
folds
can
be
brought
into
a
variety
of
positions,


altering
the
shape
of
the
glottis.




3
positions
=
3
types
of
sounds*


 closed
glottis

 folds
so
close
no
air
passes

 glottal
stop
(closure,
then


release)


 narrow
glottis

 narrow
gap;
folds
vibrate

 voiced
sounds


 open
glottis

 no
obstruction,
no
vibration

 voiceless
sounds


 Oro‐nasal
process

 Velum
directs
air
stream


into
oral
or
nasal
cavity

 
oral
sounds

 
nasal
sounds

 
nasalized
oral
sounds


 Articulation
process

 Most
of
differentiation
of
sounds
in
the
mouth.

 Air
stream
greatly
modified
by
the
tongue
and
lips.


Articulation
process

 Parts
of
mouth
which


can
narrow/close
the
 oral cavity
are
called
 articulators.  active
articulators:


lips,
parts
of
tongue

 passive
articulators:
 parts of
roof
of
mouth


 Consonants
vs
vowels

 
consonants:
some
obstruction
in
oral
cavity

 
vowels:
no
obstruction