Atenolol Analysis
Evaluation of gel
A. pH: The pH of the various gel formulations was determined by using digital pH meter.
B. Appearance: -The prepared gel bases were inspected visually for clarity, colour and presence of any particles.
C. Homogeneity: All developed gels were tested for homogeneity by visual inspection after the gels have been set in the container. They were tested for their appearance and presence of any aggregates.
D. Skin irritation test: Test for irritation was performed on human volunteers. For each gel, five volunteers were selected and 1.0g of formulated gel was applied on an area of 2 square inch to the back of hand. The volunteers were observed for lesions or irritation.
E. Drug content
1 gm of the prepared gel was dissolved in 50 ml of …show more content…
The Flux of Atenolol through skin increases as the variables level value increases. The optimized formulation containing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------exhibits good bioavailability. The in vitro release kinetics studies reveals that all formulations fit well with zero order kinetics and the mechanism of drug release is non- Fickian diffusion. It may prove to be more productive than conventional tablet. Such formulation would serve as platform for design of Transdermal drug delivery system
Table-1: Matrix of a 24-1 factorial design for formulation of Atenolol gel and dependent parameters for in vitro study.
Factor Response
Std A:Current (mA) B:Drug conc in gel (%w/w) C:PE Conc in gel (%w/w) D:Radius of patch (cm) Jss
(mcg/cm2 h ) Run 8 1 0.5 3 5 1.2 378.237
1 2 0.1 1 1 0.8 201.526
5 3 0.1 1 5 1.2 282.631
12 4 0.3 2 3 1 287.431
6 5 0.5 1 5 0.8 317.919
10 6 0.3 2 3 1 301.627
11 7 0.3 2 3 1 299.599
4 8 0.5 3 1 0.8 301.983
7 9 0.1 3 5 0.8 329.912
3 10 0.1 3 1 1.2 252.174
9 11 0.3 2 3 1 293.515
2 12 0.5 1 1 1.2
A. pH: The pH of the various gel formulations was determined by using digital pH meter.
B. Appearance: -The prepared gel bases were inspected visually for clarity, colour and presence of any particles.
C. Homogeneity: All developed gels were tested for homogeneity by visual inspection after the gels have been set in the container. They were tested for their appearance and presence of any aggregates.
D. Skin irritation test: Test for irritation was performed on human volunteers. For each gel, five volunteers were selected and 1.0g of formulated gel was applied on an area of 2 square inch to the back of hand. The volunteers were observed for lesions or irritation.
E. Drug content
1 gm of the prepared gel was dissolved in 50 ml of …show more content…
The Flux of Atenolol through skin increases as the variables level value increases. The optimized formulation containing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------exhibits good bioavailability. The in vitro release kinetics studies reveals that all formulations fit well with zero order kinetics and the mechanism of drug release is non- Fickian diffusion. It may prove to be more productive than conventional tablet. Such formulation would serve as platform for design of Transdermal drug delivery system
Table-1: Matrix of a 24-1 factorial design for formulation of Atenolol gel and dependent parameters for in vitro study.
Factor Response
Std A:Current (mA) B:Drug conc in gel (%w/w) C:PE Conc in gel (%w/w) D:Radius of patch (cm) Jss
(mcg/cm2 h ) Run 8 1 0.5 3 5 1.2 378.237
1 2 0.1 1 1 0.8 201.526
5 3 0.1 1 5 1.2 282.631
12 4 0.3 2 3 1 287.431
6 5 0.5 1 5 0.8 317.919
10 6 0.3 2 3 1 301.627
11 7 0.3 2 3 1 299.599
4 8 0.5 3 1 0.8 301.983
7 9 0.1 3 5 0.8 329.912
3 10 0.1 3 1 1.2 252.174
9 11 0.3 2 3 1 293.515
2 12 0.5 1 1 1.2