AP Biology: The Six Most Macromolecules
Summer Assignment – AP Biology – Chapters 2-5
Chapter 2 1. CHNOPS are the six most crucial elements in most macromolecules. Name them. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur.
2. Create a chart and state how many bonds each of the CHNOPS elements can form. Carbon | Hydrogen | Nitrogen | Oxygen | Phosphorous | Sulfur | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 or 5 | 2 |
3. Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast polar covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds, and ionic bonds.
4. Why is water a polar molecule? Draw a water molecule and show the δ+ and δ- poles. Water is a polar molecule because electrons in a water molecule are not shared equally, and electrons are more strongly attracted to and spend more time orbiting …show more content…
Why is surface tension associated with cohesion and not adhesion? At the surface of the water, there is an ordered arrangement of water molecules that are hydrogen-bonded to each other and to the water BELOW, not the air above the water. This has a result of pulling the water molecules “down” away from the air-water interface.
5. Use the properties cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, evaporative cooling, expansion upon freezing, and universal solvent ability to create a chart that has the following information: property of water, effects of this property, and how this can be seen in nature.
6. Something that is hydrophobic will not dissolve in water. Explain why it does not and give an example of a hydrophobic substance. Hydropobic substances will not dissolve/ dissocaite in water because they are nonionic, nonpolar, or cannot form hydrogen bonds for some other reason. A hydrophobic substance’s behavior results the wide-spreadness of relatively nonpolar bonds, which don’t bond well with water, a polar molecule and a hydrphilic substance. Nonpolar covalent bonds are all sharing electrons equally, so there are no positive or negative poles to create attraction. Some examples of hydrophobic substances include: oil, butter, tar, gasoline, and anything else oily or oil
Chapter 2 1. CHNOPS are the six most crucial elements in most macromolecules. Name them. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur.
2. Create a chart and state how many bonds each of the CHNOPS elements can form. Carbon | Hydrogen | Nitrogen | Oxygen | Phosphorous | Sulfur | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 or 5 | 2 |
3. Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast polar covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds, and ionic bonds.
4. Why is water a polar molecule? Draw a water molecule and show the δ+ and δ- poles. Water is a polar molecule because electrons in a water molecule are not shared equally, and electrons are more strongly attracted to and spend more time orbiting …show more content…
Why is surface tension associated with cohesion and not adhesion? At the surface of the water, there is an ordered arrangement of water molecules that are hydrogen-bonded to each other and to the water BELOW, not the air above the water. This has a result of pulling the water molecules “down” away from the air-water interface.
5. Use the properties cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, evaporative cooling, expansion upon freezing, and universal solvent ability to create a chart that has the following information: property of water, effects of this property, and how this can be seen in nature.
6. Something that is hydrophobic will not dissolve in water. Explain why it does not and give an example of a hydrophobic substance. Hydropobic substances will not dissolve/ dissocaite in water because they are nonionic, nonpolar, or cannot form hydrogen bonds for some other reason. A hydrophobic substance’s behavior results the wide-spreadness of relatively nonpolar bonds, which don’t bond well with water, a polar molecule and a hydrphilic substance. Nonpolar covalent bonds are all sharing electrons equally, so there are no positive or negative poles to create attraction. Some examples of hydrophobic substances include: oil, butter, tar, gasoline, and anything else oily or oil