An experiment to investigate the effect of leading questions on memory. UFP: Business Administration Psychology Coursework Abstract This study was a replication of Loftus and Palmer (1974). The aim was to find out whether or not participants who had watched a video clip of a train crush would make different estimates of the speed the trains where travelling according to the question they were asked . This experiment was a laboratory experiment and independent measure
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correct. There are three phases of the memory process: Encoding‚ Storage‚ and retrieval. Psychologists believe that errors can occur at any of these three phases. Psychologists state that even though our perceptual abilities are good (Penrod‚ Loftus‚ & Wrinkler‚ 1982) that we will make errors. We tend to over or underestimate criminal’s height‚ weight etc. we overestimate how long or short the duration of the crime was. Psychologists also stated that the longer it has been since the
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memory‚ the theory that memory is not exact or precise but must be pieced together by our experiences‚ can be distorted by the culture we are brought up in. Additionally‚ Loftus and Palmer have concluded with findings from their experiment that post-event information can easily distort memory of the actual event. However‚ Loftus’ study was criticized by Yuille and Cutshall for being too lacking in ecological validity‚ and has in fact obtained findings that contrasted it. A factor that influences
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One study of eyewitness testimony (EWT) was by Loftus and Palmer. Their aim was to see whether asking leading questions had any effect on recall. The method used was a laboratory experiment and had two parts to it. The first was showing participants (Ppts) 7 films of car accidents. Participants were then asked questions‚ including “How fast were the cars travelling when they **** each other?” The asterisks were then replaced with a different verb‚ including “smashed” and “hit.” The second part
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were asked to describe the accident as if they were witness’. The participants were then asked specific questions this included the question ‘About how fast were the cars going when they (smashed/ collided/ bumped/ hit/ contacted) each other?’ Loftus and Palmer had found out that the estimated speed was affected by the verb used for example the participants who were asked what speed the cars were going when they smashed thought that the car was going faster than participants who were asked the speed
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Memory and Eyewitness Testimony are two concepts which are studied within the topic of cognitive psychology. It is important to investigate these processes to aid in the understanding of how individuals cognitively process ideas and how this may affect specific behaviors. From a psychological perspective‚ memory can be defined as‚ “The capacity to retain and store information” (holah.co.uk‚ 2006). The further researches into the topic of memory allow it to greatly contribute toward societies’ legal
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bumped‚ hit and contacted. The participants gave answers that seem to accelerate the speed depending on the severity of the word (Loftus & Palmer‚ 1974). For instance‚ when the word contacted was used the group assumed the speed was an average of about 31.8; however‚ when the word smashed was used the group assumed the speed was an average of about 40.5 (Loftus & Palmer‚ 1974). In addition to this‚ in a later experiment when the subject were asked if they saw any broken glass the subjects who received
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examine the influence of peers in friendship choices and the significance of cultural differences as explored by Gonzalez et al (2004) in today’s technologically advanced society. Finally‚ the essay will use the research done by Loftus and Palmer in the 1970’s together with Loftus and Pickerell (1995) to assess and evaluate the influence of other people on human performance‚ in this case‚ memory and how it can be distorted by others. The aim of Adorno et al’s (1950) study was to measure personality
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Psychology Loftus and Palmer (1974) Aim: To test their hypothesis that that language used in eyewitness testimony can differ memory. Method: Forty-five American students formed an opportunity sample. This was a laboratory experiment with five conditions‚ only one of which was experienced by each participant (an independent measures design). Participants were shown slides of a car accident involving a number of cars and asked to describe what had happened as if they were eyewitnesses. They
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Psychology in the Court Room The Expert Witness “How reliable is eyewitness testimony” On the 28th of September 1999‚ a building society in West Bromwich was robbed by a man brandishing a gun. He had approached the cashier desk and pushed aside a customer and then produced a gun. He ordered the three customers in the bank to lie on the floor. He then pointed the gun in the face of the cashier and told her to fill the bag with money. In doing so‚ she managed to raise the silent alarm alerting
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