With reference to alternative research findings‚ critically assess Loftus and Palmer’s research into Leading questions. Loftus and Palmer concluded (1974) concluded from their experiments that leading questions can alter the representation in your memory. Before the Loftus and Palmer undertook their studies into the effects of leading questions on memory recollection‚ Carmichael (1932) researched the effect of different labels on the reproduction of identical figures. They showed two sets of
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verb. Results - Verb|Mean Estimate. Smashed|40.8‚ Collided|39.3‚ Bumped|38.1‚ Hit|34.0‚ Contacted|31.8. Discussion - Loftus and Palmer argue that memories are based on two types of imformation: What we percieve at the time of the event and what we find out after the event. They argue that what they hear after the event can distort our memories. In this experiment loftus and palmer argue that two things can be happening: Distortion and Response Bias. Distortion: The verbed used may lead the participant
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David Holfoth In 1974‚ Elizabeth F. Loftus and John C. Palmer conducted an experiment called Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction: An Example of the Interaction Between Language and Memory. In Experiment 1 the subjects were texted to see which word that they reacted to better in judging speed‚ and in Experiment 2‚ some subjects were asked‚ “How fast the cars were going when they smashed into each other?” some were asked‚ “How fast the cars were going when they smashed into each other?” and
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Loftus and Palmer 1974 This study was conducted to determine whether memory could be distorted by other information‚ which occurs after the event. The idea of the study was to see if any information they supplied influenced the witness’s memory information they had for the event. The study was conducted in a lab in which had 45 participants that were students at university. In order to simulate a real car crash the students watched a video of one happening. After they had seen it they were separated
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The Loftus and Palmer study is a laboratory experiment. This means that the study is artificial. The artificiality of the setting can intimidate participants or make them more obedient. This in turn can produce unnatural behavior and results that do not generalize to real life. This can be seen in experiment 2 when 12% of the control group reported seeing broken glass even though they were unaffected by the verb. This could be attributed to the leading question or to demand characteristics when
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Loftus and palmers Aims and context Loftus was concerned with how subsequent information could affect an eyewitness testimony (EWT) which is a legal term‚ referring to the use of eyewitness to give evidence in court. EWT can be influenced by misleading information in terms of both visual imagery and wording of questions. This could lead to faulty or incorrect convictions. If someone is imposed to new info during the interval between witnessing the event and recalling it‚ this info may have marked
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Overview: Elizabeth F. Loftus and John C. Palmer conducted a research study to find out how accurately we remember specific details of a traffic accident. Such research has been documented previously (Bird 1927‚ Ornstein 1969‚ Gardner 1933 and more)‚ where most findings show inaccuracies in estimates of vehicle speed and/or duration of events. Loftus and Palmer aimed to investigate the effect of leading questions (a question that is formed in a way that suggests what answer is desired) on the speed
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Westwood Loftus and Palmer Alternative Research Essay Loftus and Zanni showed participants a film of a car accident‚ they then asked some participants "Did you see a broken headlight?" and others‚ "Did you see the broken headlight?" Of those asked about ’a’ broken headlight‚ 7% reported seeing one‚ compared with 17% of people asked about ’the’ broken headlight. This supports Loftus and Palmer’s findings as the study also changed the form of a question‚ which affected the witness’ response. Loftus and
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Cognitive psychology Behaviour can largely be explained in terms of how the mind operates The mind works in a manner which is similar to a computer; inputting‚ storing and retrieving data Multi-store model of memory Akinson and Shiffrin suggested that memory was comprised of three separate stores‚ the Sensory Memory Store‚ the short-term memory and the long-term memory. Each store had a specific and relatively inflexible function. Information is simply rehearsed in the STM and if rehearsed
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Discussion: The findings of this experiment suggest different results from the original experiment carried out by Loftus and Palmer in 1974‚ as there was no significant difference between the estimated speeds between the two groups because the results were not statically different. The descriptive results showed that the participants in the smashed group estimated a higher speed than the participants of the contacted group‚ (smashed group estimated a speed of 61.375 whereas the contacted group
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