15.2 Born-Haber Cycle Our calculations of enthalpies so far have involved covalent substances. Now we need to look at the enthalpy changes involved in the formation of giant ionic lattices. Lattice enthalpy is defined as either the: ’the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a solid ionic crystal is broken into its ions in the gaseous state‚ at standard temperature and pressure. Because all the bonds in the ionic lattice are broken‚ it is an endothermic process‚ ∆H is positive. ’ The
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primary objective of this lab is to be able to determine the specific heat of a reaction by using a calorimeter. A calorimeter is a device used to determine the specific heat of chemical reaction or a physical change. The specific heat a reactions is used to refer to the amount of heat that is lost or gained when one gram of a particular substance increases or decreases by one degree Celsius. When a chemical reaction occurs in an open container most of the energy gained or lost is in the form of
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Percent Copper and Zinc in Pennies From Density Purpose: Practicing determine the density of the solution. Developing the method for determine the percent of density for the solution. Examining the linear relationship by learning to use the best-fit straight line. Using the linear relationship to determine the percent of density by the solution. Be familiar with recording data and observations. Methods & Material: Methods: Weight the mass for the different percent of zinc and copper mixtures
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Title: Investigate the reactions of Group-2 elements. Objective: To be able to describe the redox reactions of Group-2 elements with oxygen and water To be able to identify trends of reactivity down the Group-2 Equipment required: 2 x250 cm3 beaker Funnel 2x boiling tubes Crucible tongs Calcium granules Magnesium ribbon Magnesium powder Spatula Universal Indicator Thermal mat Filter paper Safety: Wear eye protection. Magnesium and calcium are highly flammable. Calcium hydroxide
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Thermometer (-10 to 110 oC)Hypothesis:By adding glucose to a solution of KMnO4 and H2SO4‚ the solution will turn colourless and it will take a specific time for the reaction to complete. By increasing the temperature‚ the time it takes (the rate) for the solution to completely change to colourless will be increased. Thus it can be said‚ that it is being hypothesized that an increase in temperature will cause an equal increase in the rate of the reaction. Method:1). Using a measuring cylinder‚ place 50 cm3
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Determination of Reaction Enthalpy Shannon Wedepohl 9/17/13 Abstract: During this experiment‚ an ice calorimeter was used to measure the change in volume in milliliters of magnesium metal and 1.00 M of sulfuric acid. We found the experimental molar enthalpy of the reaction to be ∆H = -370 ± 1 kJ/mol at 0˚C. This compares with an expected value of -466.9 kJ/mol at 25 ˚C‚ a 20.75% difference. Introduction: Many chemical reactions truly only encompass changes by exchanging heat
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Introduction Enthalpy change‚ ΔH‚ is defined as the heat output of a system as it goes through a reaction under constant pressure. It is an important aspect of thermochemistry‚ which is the study of energy changes during a chemical or physical reaction . When we calculate enthalpy change‚ we always assume that the pressure is constant. We are able to calculate enthalpy change numerous ways‚ notably by the increase in heat‚ Q‚ given by an exothermic reaction or the heat absorbed by an endothermic
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Thermochemistry: An Ice Calorimeter Determination of Reaction Enthalpy Curtis M. Franklin Thursday‚ February 14‚ 2013 ABSTRACT An ice calorimetric measurement was used to determine that a reaction involving solid magnesium metal and 1.00M sulfuric acid produces an experimental a value of ∆H = -226 ± 28 kJ/mol at 0°C. This is about 48.4% lower than the expected value reported at 25°C. Introduction Many chemical reactions exhibit themselves by exchanging heat energy‚ either be absorbing
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Experiment 5 In the first part of this lab‚ the objective was to get the molar concentration of sodium hydroxide by using the secondary standard‚ sodium hydroxide solution with the primary standard‚ potassium hydrogen phthalate. With this information‚ we could create a second derivative plot‚ which can be used to obtain the exact concentration of the secondary standard‚ sodium hydroxide. Also‚ the indicator can give us these results along with the end points and with the readings from the pH meter;
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In this lab‚ we changed copper into various forms using different chemicals and chemical reactions. The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate that the product of a chemical reaction depends on what is present at the time of that reaction. This lab also displays how matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. In a lab‚ you must always make safety a priority in case of an emergency. In our lab‚ we made sure to wear closed-toed shoes as well as goggles at all times. We also performed
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