Design Objective: Find the standard molar enthalpy of combustion for magnesium. Manipulated Variables- volume of HCl‚ length of magnesium strip‚ mass of magnesium oxide‚ Controlled Variable- type of calorimeter (Styrofoam cup) Responding Variable- change in temperature Procedure: 1. Cut out 3 pieces of magnesium strips each with lengths of maximum 5 centimeters. 2. Measure and record the lengths of the magnesium. 3. Scrub the magnesium strips with steel wool to clean out impurities
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Chemistry 12: Reaction Kinetics Review 1. Looking at the expressions for reaction rate‚ write expressions with which you could express rates for the following reactions. (Hint: look at what happens to reactants and products.) Recall that solid or liquids can lose or gain mass‚ gases can lose or gain volume and aqueous solutions can increase or decrease in concentration. ("a" is done as an example.) a) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) reaction rate = mass of Mg consumed unit time b) c) or
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Calorimetry Experiment Purpose: The objective of this lab is to determine the enthalpy change for NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) Procedure: Before measuring the enthalpy of acid base neutralization‚ my partner Brian and I determined a calorimeter constant‚ using a homemade polystyrene calorimeter. With the following formula and data: qhot= cm (Tf-Ti) qcold=cm(Tf-Ti) SYSTEM DATA SURROUNDINGS DATA Water cold Mass: 50mL Water hot Mass: 50mL C=4.18 C=4.18 Ti=20 C Ti=31
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________________________________________ Date ______________ Period _______ HONORS CHEMISTRY – THERMOCHEMISTRY INTRODUCTION WORKSHEET DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: BOILING BOILING POINT CALORIE (OR KILOCALORIE) CONDENSATION DEPOSITION ENDOTHERMIC REACTION ENTHALPY OF FUSION ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION EVAPORATION EXOTHERMIC REACTION FREEZING HEAT JOULE MELTING MELTING POINT SPECIFIC HEAT SUBLIMATION TEMPERATURE VAPOR VAPOR PRESSURE VAPORIZATION VOLATILE Name ________________________________________ Date ______________
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energy difference between the reactants and products is G‚ the free-energy change associated with the reaction. The free energy of a chemical reaction is defined by the equation G = H −T S (3.1) where H is the enthalpy change and S is the entropy change for the reaction. The enthalpy term is a measure of the stability of the molecule and is determined by the strength of the chemical bonds in the structure. The entropy term specifies the change 253 254 CHAPTER 3 Structural Effects on Stability
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The purposes of these three experiments are to determine the heat capacity of a calorimeter and with that data‚ confirm Hess’s Law and observe enthalpy changes within reactions. By measuring the change in temperature that occurs with the interaction of two different reactants‚ we were able to determine both the calorimeter constant and the change in enthalpy of a given reaction. The results were rather mixed‚ as some numbers more closely resembled the theoretical values than others did. Introduction
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difficult to derive the exact enthalpy in a reaction when multiple processes occur simultaneously. A method to circumvent this problem is outlined in Hess’s Law which was established in 1840. Hess’s Law states that the steps taken to determine the enthalpy of a reaction do not matter because the end results will be the same. This is the principle used for both parts of this experiment. In Part I of the experiment‚ two different reactions are performed to determine the enthalpy of formation for magnesium
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titration is a titration technique where the endpoints of the reaction are located from the enthalpy change between the reagents. In thermometric titration we make use of the fact that reactions in solution are accompanied by temperature changes and thus it is possible to follow the course of the reaction with a thermometer. A reagent of known concentration is added to the reagent of unknown concentration and the enthalpy changes presented on a graph to show the endpoint and maximum and minimum temperatures
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Thermodynamics Lab Introduction: Thermodynamics is the study of energy which can exist in many forms‚ such as heat‚ light‚ chemical energy‚ and electrical energy. The variables that thermodynamics can be used to define include temperature‚ internal energy‚ entropy‚ and pressure. Temperature‚ relating to thermodynamics‚ is the measure of kinetic energy in the particles of a substance. Light is usually linked to absorbance and emission in thermodynamics while pressure‚ linked with volume‚ can do
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Module No. 6 Energy Relationships in Chemical Reactions The Nature of Energy and Types of Energy Energy – is the capacity to do work or to transfer heats. Forms of Energy 1. Kinetic energy 2. Radiant energy 3. Thermal energy 4. Chemical energy 5. Potential energy Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions Heat – is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperature. Thermochemistry – is the study of heat
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