Thermodynamics of Borax C3C Justin Nevins Chemistry 200‚ Section M1A Introduction The purpose of the lab was to determine how the solubility of Borax (Na2B4(OH)4) and other thermodynamic quantities such as enthalpy‚ entropy‚ and Gibbs free energy depend on temperature. When Sodium borate octahydrate (Borax) dissociates in water it forms two sodium ions‚ one borate ion and eight water molecules. The chemical reaction is shown as: (reaction 1) A simple acid-base titration
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or absorption (endothermic reaction) of heat energy. When measured at constant pressure‚ the heat evolved (qp < 0) or absorbed (qp > 0) is equal to the enthalpy change‚ symbolized by ΔH. ΔH is positive for an endothermic process and negative for an exothermic one. If H f is the enthalpy of the final state and Hi of the initial state‚ the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is given by Equation (1). ∆Hrxn = Hf - Hi (1) The process of measuring ΔH is called calorimetry. This involves “trapping”
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University of Nebraska at Omaha Bomb Calorimetry Physical Chemistry 3354 Enthalpy of Combustion: 1‚2-diphenylethane January 6‚ 2014 Author: Jon D. Paul Signature Professor: Dr. Edmund Tisko Date Abstract Experimentation involving constant volume calorimetry produces the heat of reaction for many substances. When choosing adiabatic conditions we are allowed to focus on the reaction system while neglecting everything else. The reactions that are studied should proceed relatively
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according to the experiment done in class. It was determined by applying the Hess’s law‚ using two reactions 1) CuSO4-5H2O ----> CuSO4 (aq) + 5H2O 2) CuSO4 (anh) -----> CuSO4 (aq) According to the Hess’s Law‚ which states that the total enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is the same disregarding the route taken for the reaction; the reactions could be combined together to make the initial reaction shown below: 3) CuSO4 (anh)+5H2O ---> CuSO4-5H2O (aq) As the equation of the first
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INTRODUCTION Given appropriate chemicals and equipment‚ the specific heat capacity and molar mass of a metal‚ enthalpy of neutralization of an acid and base‚ and the enthalpy of solution of an unknown salt can be determined by following specific procedures. All of these procedures require the use of a calorimeter‚ which are of two types: a bomb calorimeter and a coffee cup calorimeter. Calorimeters are simply devices used to measure the amount of heat gained or lost in a system. Although this
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if a reaction can be carried out in a series of steps‚ the sum of the enthalpies for each step should equal the enthalpy change for the total reaction. This statement emphasizes the conservation not only of matter‚ but also of energy. If certain reactions are difficult to study‚ their enthalpy can be calculated from Hess# law. The purpose of this experiment is to use a calorimeter with a thermometer to investigate the enthalpy changes in several different reactions. After all the data have been collected
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Experiment 12: Calorimetry and Hess’s Law Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine the enthalpy of reaction for the burning of one mole of magnesium in oxygen. Although the reaction is exothermic‚ the ∆HRXN will be determined by using calorimetry and then using Hess’s Law to manipulate the data collected to yield the answer needed. Procedures: Dillon‚ Stephanie. “ Calorimetry and Hess’s Law.” Laboratory Manual. Pearson Publishing‚ 2012‚ pp.168-177. Data and Results Part A
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MAGNESIUM MATERIALS: 12 oz. Styrofoam cup with lid‚ thermometer‚ 50-mL and 100-mL graduated cylinders‚ weighing boat‚ 1.0 M HCl‚ 1.0 M NaOH‚ magnesium ribbon‚ magnesium oxide‚ copper wire. PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the enthalpy change for the combustion of magnesium: Mg (s) + ½ O2 (g) → MgO (s) ΔHrxn = ΔH combustion by determining the ΔH values for reactions which can be combined together according to Hess’ Law‚ yielding the ΔH for the desired reaction. LEARNING
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reaction for this solvation is: A + x S → A xS (solution at m concentration) Where: A is pure solute S is pure solvent which is mixed to form a solution m is the molal concentration. . The change in enthalpy accompanying this reaction depends upon the final solution concentration. Two measures of enthalpy have proved useful in determining the heat of solution: the integral heat of solution and the differential heat of solution. The integral heat of solution 1 per mole of solute dissolved Δ Hint is
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Experiment 3: Enthalpy of Various Reactions Introduction A coffee cup calorimeter is an apparatus that is used to measure the quantity of thermal energy gained or lost in a chemical reaction. This experiment utilizes this apparatus‚ which is made from two styrofoam cups with plastic lids and a thermometer‚ to measure changes in thermal energy of various reactions. When using this type of apparatus‚ it is assumed that no heat is transferred between the calorimeter and the surroundings‚ and that
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