Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes; It was causing carelessness in the city and lead to more and dusty pollution from all the work which was required to be put in. 2.Edwin Chadwick was an English social reformer‚ noted for his work to reform the Poor Laws and made conditions cleaner for the citizens. He helped sanitize the areas and made things healthier to live in. 3.The miasmic theory of disease was a theory that disease was caused by bad odors. it prevented the proper
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Q.1 Define Tort and explain its essential elements. Distinguish Tort from breach of contract and Crime. Ans. The term “Tort” has been derived from the Latin term “Tortum” which means to twist.It means twisted‚ crooked‚ unlawful‚ or a wrongful act rather than an act which is straight or lawful. Tort may be defined as a “Civil Wrong” which is repressible by an action for unliquidated damages and which is other than a mere breach of contract or breach of trust” Tort is a civil wrong as opposed
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liability of an employer for a tort committed by an employee within the course of employment Stevens v Brodribb sawmilling the existence of control between an employer and employee is not enough to prove a relationship for vicarious liability. Further criteria such as obligation to work‚ hours to work etc is also considered Elazac pty ltd v Sheriff the plaintiff was not an employee but a contractor. He considered himself to be self-employed also everything he did in his work showed that he was an
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Held to Ransom Alone and seemingly lost‚ I was heading down the street unaware of my destination. There was an elderly lady standing beside me‚ who‚ with immense concern‚ asked me “Where are you going?” I replied “I’m going for a stroll.” The sight of other people roaming the streets comforted me and gave me a sense of security. A colorful‚ vivid‚ neon sign reading “Game Lounge” just across the street took my heed‚ and intrigued me to go inside. As I began walking I fell headlong onto the sidewalk
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Intentional Torts A. A person acts with intent to produce a consequence if: 1. the person has the purpose of producing that consequence; OR 2. the person knows to a substantial certainty that the consequence will ensue from the person s conduct B. Battery 1. An actor commits battery if he acts intending: a. to cause a harmful or offensive contact to person of other or a third person OR b. to cause imminent apprehension of such contact AND c
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PERSONS WHO ARE CRIMINALLY LIABLE Under the Revised Penal Code‚ when more than one person participated in the commission of the crime‚ the law looks into their participation because in punishing offenders‚ the Revised Penal Code classifies them as: 1) principal; (2)accomplice; or (3) accessory. This classification is true only under the Revised Penal Code and is not used under special laws‚ because the penalties under the latter are never graduated. Do not use the term principal when the
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Lord Nugent (1833) 5 B & Ad 58 “Verbal evidence is not allowed to be given...so as to add to or subtract from‚ or in any manner to vary or qualify the written contract.” Rabin v Gerson Berger Association Ltd [1986] 1 WLR 526 The reasoning behind this is straightforward. Those who have bound themselves by a contract in writing should be bound by the written terms alone. Hawkrish v Bank of Montreal (1969) 2 DLR (Rd) 600 ***
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the primary benefits of creating a corporate entity is to limit the liability of the shareholders. However‚ under certain circumstances the corporate entity may be disregarded. This is also known as piercing the corporate veil and is the most frequent method for holding the shareholders liable for the acts of a corporation. Corporate officers‚ directors and controlling shareholders have a general fiduciary duty of loyalty and care which should govern all their corporate conduct. Unless they breach
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1. Evaluate and discuss the potential liability (negligence or other torts) of the various parties in the scenario involving but not limited to Bobby‚ ACE Sports‚ the nurse‚ the surgeon and City General. (Avoid simply restating the facts/scenario. Incorporate them into your discussion.) 2. Be sure to discuss the elements of negligence as they apply to each party separately‚ and also discuss the application of EMTALA. 3. Define comparative negligence and discuss its application to
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