Summary Equation Of Cellular Respiration
AP Biology, Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Life is Work
9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Intro Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP 1. Distinguish fermentation and cellular respiration. Fermentation Partial degradation of glucose Uses no O2 Yields some ATP Cellular respiration Complete degradation to CO2 and H2O Requires O2 = aerobic Yields much more ATP 2. Describe the summary equation for cellular respiration. Also note the specific chemical equation for the degradation of glucose. Organic compounds + O2 è CO2 + H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 è 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ΔG = -686 kcal/mol) Redox reactions: Oxidation and Reduction …show more content…
Identify where sugar oxidation, substrate-level phosphorylation, and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. Sugar oxidation/NAD+ reduction Performed by triose phosphate dehydrogenase 2 glyceraldehyde phosphate è 2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + 2 NADH Substrate-level phosphorylation 2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + 2 ADP è2 3-phosphoglycerate + 2 ATP 2 3-phosphoglycerate è 2 phosphoenolpyruvate Substrate-level phosphorylation (again) Performed by pyruvate kinase 2 phosphoenolpyruvate + 2 ADP è 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP 14. Summarize the energy yield of glycolysis. Lose: 2 ATP getting the process started Gain: 4 ATP and 2 NADH Net: 2 ATP + 2 NADH
9.3 After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules Intro Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA 15. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. Pyruvate is actively transported into the mitochondrial matrix Performed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Pyruvate + Coenzyme A + NAD+ è Acetyl CoA + CO2 + …show more content…
Summarize important phases in the citric acid cycle. Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate è citrate + CoA Citrate è succinyl CoA + 2CO2 + 2NADH Succinyl CoA è oxaloacetate + ATP + FADH2 + NADH
9.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis Intro The Pathway of Electron Transport 17. Where is the energy from the glucose molecule when the citric acid cycle is completed? 4 ATP from substrate-level phosphorylation Much more is present as NADH and FADH2 18. Describe how the exergonic "slide" of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. Electrons lose energy in electron transport = exergonic NADH donates high-energy electrons to a flavoprotein FADH2 feeds in at a lower energy level Also in the chain are Fe·S proteins, ubiquinone, and cytochromes Oxygen accepts low-energy electrons from the last carrier The energy is used to transport H+ out of the matrix Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Life is Work
9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Intro Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP 1. Distinguish fermentation and cellular respiration. Fermentation Partial degradation of glucose Uses no O2 Yields some ATP Cellular respiration Complete degradation to CO2 and H2O Requires O2 = aerobic Yields much more ATP 2. Describe the summary equation for cellular respiration. Also note the specific chemical equation for the degradation of glucose. Organic compounds + O2 è CO2 + H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 è 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ΔG = -686 kcal/mol) Redox reactions: Oxidation and Reduction …show more content…
Identify where sugar oxidation, substrate-level phosphorylation, and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. Sugar oxidation/NAD+ reduction Performed by triose phosphate dehydrogenase 2 glyceraldehyde phosphate è 2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + 2 NADH Substrate-level phosphorylation 2 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + 2 ADP è2 3-phosphoglycerate + 2 ATP 2 3-phosphoglycerate è 2 phosphoenolpyruvate Substrate-level phosphorylation (again) Performed by pyruvate kinase 2 phosphoenolpyruvate + 2 ADP è 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP 14. Summarize the energy yield of glycolysis. Lose: 2 ATP getting the process started Gain: 4 ATP and 2 NADH Net: 2 ATP + 2 NADH
9.3 After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules Intro Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA 15. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. Pyruvate is actively transported into the mitochondrial matrix Performed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Pyruvate + Coenzyme A + NAD+ è Acetyl CoA + CO2 + …show more content…
Summarize important phases in the citric acid cycle. Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate è citrate + CoA Citrate è succinyl CoA + 2CO2 + 2NADH Succinyl CoA è oxaloacetate + ATP + FADH2 + NADH
9.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis Intro The Pathway of Electron Transport 17. Where is the energy from the glucose molecule when the citric acid cycle is completed? 4 ATP from substrate-level phosphorylation Much more is present as NADH and FADH2 18. Describe how the exergonic "slide" of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. Electrons lose energy in electron transport = exergonic NADH donates high-energy electrons to a flavoprotein FADH2 feeds in at a lower energy level Also in the chain are Fe·S proteins, ubiquinone, and cytochromes Oxygen accepts low-energy electrons from the last carrier The energy is used to transport H+ out of the matrix Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling