Presentation on Textile Technology
PRETREATMENT OPERATIONS
Classification:
* Mechanical pre-treatment * Chemical pre-treatment
Chemical Pretreatment:
Operations To Remove Impurities: * Cleaning Operations: 1. Desizing: * To remove applied impurity i.e.; sizing material. * Hydrolysis of sizing material (starch) using enzymes. * Starch (hydrophobic) is converted into glucose and fructose (hydrophilic). * Assessment by Tegewa or violet scale. 2. Scouring: * To remove natural and artificial impurities i.e.; fats, waxes, oils, dust, rust etc. * Two phenomenon are involved, saponification and sequestering. * Assessment by capilliary rise test. 3. Bleaching: * To remove natural color impurity. * Oxidative bleaching is used which produces bleaching ion in alkaline medium. * Soft water should be used. * Value Addition Operations: 4. Mercerization: * Cold mercerization is done (at 15-18 °C). * To increase the luster of fabric. * Increase dye uptake. * Shrinkage control. * Increase of strength. 5. Optical Brightening (OB): * Brightening agents convert UV light into visible light. * To make the surface more whiter. * Burger whiteness increases up to 150. * Where fabric has to use as a white.
INTERMEDIATE OPERATIONS * Dyeing * Printing
DYEING
Dye: * Colored substance. * Affinity towards the substrate. * Applied in an aqueous solution.
Dyeing:
* Process by which physical or chemical changes are produced into the textile substrate. * Reflection of light appears colored. * Can take place at various stages of textile production i.e.; on fibers, yarns, fabrics.
Dyeing Processes:
1. Batch process (Exhaust process)
2. Semi continuous (Pad-batch process)
3. Continuous process
Classification Of Dye A/C To Fiber Type: * Reactive dye onto
Classification:
* Mechanical pre-treatment * Chemical pre-treatment
Chemical Pretreatment:
Operations To Remove Impurities: * Cleaning Operations: 1. Desizing: * To remove applied impurity i.e.; sizing material. * Hydrolysis of sizing material (starch) using enzymes. * Starch (hydrophobic) is converted into glucose and fructose (hydrophilic). * Assessment by Tegewa or violet scale. 2. Scouring: * To remove natural and artificial impurities i.e.; fats, waxes, oils, dust, rust etc. * Two phenomenon are involved, saponification and sequestering. * Assessment by capilliary rise test. 3. Bleaching: * To remove natural color impurity. * Oxidative bleaching is used which produces bleaching ion in alkaline medium. * Soft water should be used. * Value Addition Operations: 4. Mercerization: * Cold mercerization is done (at 15-18 °C). * To increase the luster of fabric. * Increase dye uptake. * Shrinkage control. * Increase of strength. 5. Optical Brightening (OB): * Brightening agents convert UV light into visible light. * To make the surface more whiter. * Burger whiteness increases up to 150. * Where fabric has to use as a white.
INTERMEDIATE OPERATIONS * Dyeing * Printing
DYEING
Dye: * Colored substance. * Affinity towards the substrate. * Applied in an aqueous solution.
Dyeing:
* Process by which physical or chemical changes are produced into the textile substrate. * Reflection of light appears colored. * Can take place at various stages of textile production i.e.; on fibers, yarns, fabrics.
Dyeing Processes:
1. Batch process (Exhaust process)
2. Semi continuous (Pad-batch process)
3. Continuous process
Classification Of Dye A/C To Fiber Type: * Reactive dye onto