Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors Are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank and Vidhan K. Goyal∗ This paper examines the relative importance of many factors in the capital structure decisions of publicly traded American firms from 1950 to 2003. The most reliable factors for explaining market leverage are: median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book assets ratio (−)‚ tangibility (+)‚ profits (−)‚ log of assets (+)‚ and expected inflation (+). In addition‚ we find
Premium Debt Corporate finance Balance sheet
Self driving cars are a new invention that are supposed to make driving easier and allow drivers to do other things while driving because of the “autopilot” feature. Self driving cars need more development before they are introduced into the main roads because drivers are not trained to use autopilot‚ there is not enough confidence that the autopilot of the car would be able to steer safely in high traffic without causing crashes‚ and the driver would still need to be alert even though the car is
Premium Automobile Driverless car Personal rapid transit
India’s Foreign Policy Indian Foreign policy pre-dates India’s Independence. This Policy has come a long way from the pre-independence period ‘copy the west’ and ‘don’t copy the west ideology’ to the post-independence turning point decisions like restarting dialog with Pakistan. It lays its emphasis on principles like fostering cordial relations‚ solving conflicts by peaceful means‚ Sovereignty and equality of nations and Independence of thought and action. As a member of the Non-align Movement
Premium Foreign policy Economics United States
can reduce the cost of lawsuit to make this self driving car it can reduce the cost of user suit car because the car is not only designed to detect problems is run UL but it is also able to detect if there is a roadblock. In addition this car also has the characteristics of a specific security. each user that has the car automatically need to wear safety plate strap. in other words‚ If every car "fitted" into the grid and driving alone‚ then speeding‚ along with stops and red light running will
Premium Automobile Driverless car Vehicle
Assess the effectiveness of Whitlam’s progressive approach in reference to the international relations decisions made whilst in power? Edward Gough Whitlam’s time as the leader of the Government and the Australian Labour Party from 1972-1975 was a time of rapid and progressive change. After his election in December 1972 the Whitlam government would pass 203 acts the next year. These years under the leadership of Edward Gough Whitlam were years of immense change in society with reforms. He set
Premium Prime Minister of Australia Australia Gough Whitlam
Hitler’s Foreign Policy Aims ● ● ● GROSSDEUTSCHLAND: ’big Germany’‚ unite all german speakers into 1 big country (Germany‚ Austria‚ Poland‚ Czechoslovakia‚ France) Remilitarise Rhineland LEBENSRAUM: ’living space’‚ more territory for Germany (e.g. Poland‚ Russia‚ Czechoslovakia) ● Increase size of military‚ navy‚ air force etc... ● Reintroduce conscriptions ● Stop paying reparations ● Colonies/empire ● Germany powerful Hitler’s Foreign Policy:Early
Premium World War II
Germany 1919-1939 Essay 2012 HSC Question –“ How successful was Nazi foreign policy in achieving its aims to September 1939?” Following the Nazi rise to power‚ Adolf Hitler’s regime conducted‚ and to a certain degree implemented a foreign policy that aimed for the incorporation of all Germanic speaking peoples into the Reich (Volksgemeinschaft); German domination of Western Europe; and the attainment of vast areas of living space (lebensraum) for the greater good of the volk. While the Nazis experienced
Premium Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler
MUSSOLINI’S FOREIGN POLICY In the early days of Mussolini’s regime (he came to power in 1922)‚ Italian foreign policy seemed rather confused: Mussolini knew what he wanted‚ which was ‘to make Italy great‚ respected and feared.’ But he was not sure how to achieve this‚ apart from agitating for a revision of the 1919 peace settlement in Italy’s favour. At first he seemed to think an adventurous foreign policy was his best line of action‚ hence the Corfu Incident and the occupation of Fiume in 1923
Premium Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany World War II
Was Bismarck’s Foreign Policy 1871-90 a success? The Aim of this essay is to study Bismarck’s Foreign Policy from 1871-90 and come to a conclusion about whether it was a success. Otto Von Bismarck born on April 1‚ 1815 at Schönhausen and considered the founder of the German Empire. From 1862 to 1873 Bismarck was prime minister of Prussia and from 1871 to 1890 he was Germany’s first Chancellor. Once Germany was unified‚ Bismarck noticed that Germany was under threat of attack from other countries
Premium World War I Otto von Bismarck German Empire
Japanese Foreign Policy - Japanese foreign policy 1937-41 Between 1937-1941 Japan had adopted an expansionist foreign policy which was seen as a threat to the US possessions in the pacific. Japans policy was aggressive and seeked expansion at any cost. “Japan would not adopt an aggressive‚ expansionist foreign policy.” P Kiem In 1937 Japan invaded China. - Advance down the coast of Shanghai in August‚ which to America is an attack on their sphere of influence. (Open Door Policy).
Premium World War II Southeast Asia Empire of Japan