Small and Large Firms Regulatory Costs: The Case of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act By James A. Millar and B. Wade Bowen The article first begins with an introduction of how and why the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) came about as a result of large scandals such as Enron and Tyco. Many companies believed that the costs of these new regulations exceeded the benefits‚ which is found prevalent with the addition of section 404 which required an auditor’s opinion on annual financial reports. In particular
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 Role of internal control 2 2.1 Management: 2 2.2 Board of Directors: 3 2.3 Auditors: 3 2.4 Staff and junior managers 4 3.0 NEW RULES OF INTERNAL CONTROL 4 4.0 THE GOOD AND THE BAD 10 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 12 6.0 REFERENCES 14 1.0 INTRODUCTION Internal control is defined as a process affected by an organization ’s structure‚ work and authority flows‚ people and management information systems‚ designed to help the organization
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Name Tutor Institution Course Date Introduction The numerous scandals that involved corporate and investors in the year 2002 such as Enron‚ WorldCom and Tyco came as shock to many investors in the United States. Many investors lost their money to fraudulent activities by accountability corporate making them loose confidence in financial statements provided. Such loses created concern within the government prompting them to overhaul all the
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Internal audit’s role in modern corporate governance Thought leadership series Risk and Advisory Services Internal audit’s role in modern corporate governance Recent events have highlighted the critical role of boards of directors in promoting good corporate governance. In particular‚ boards are being charged with ultimate responsibility for the effectiveness of their organisations’ internal control systems. An effective internal audit function plays a key role in assisting the board
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purpose as system flowcharts b) Are different from system flowcharts since they focus on a logical view of the information system c) Are useless for planning a new system d) Are never used in analyzing an existing system 8. All of the following are controls for end-user computing except:
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Internal Control - Integrated Framework Executive Summary Senior executives have long sought ways to better control the enterprises they run. Internal controls are put in place to keep the company on course toward profitability goals and achievement of its mission‚ and to minimize surprises along the way. They enable management to deal with rapidly changing economic and competitive environments‚ shifting customer demands and priorities‚ and restructuring for future growth. Internal controls promote
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FRAUD? Perpetrators of fraud take many forms. Anyone can be a target. Here are some tips to remember: * Most perpetrators often look and sound very earnest. They are frequently students of human nature and masters of presentation. They know what people want and the best way to offer it in order to trick or tempt. Be leary of deals that are ’too good to be true’ or
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INTRODUCTION Internal auditing is a management-oriented discipline that has evolved rapidly since World War II. Once a function primarily concerned with financial and accounting matters‚ internal auditing now addresses the entire range of operating activities and performs a correspondingly wide variety of assurance and consulting services. By definition‚ according to Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA)‚ internal auditing is an independent‚ objective assurance and consulting activity designed to
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system of ‘internal control (I.C).’ (D.P. Jain‚ 1993). Management not the auditor must establish and maintain the entity’s of control. (Alvin J.‚ James K.‚ W. Morley‚ Ingrid B.‚ 2000). According to Spicer and Pegler‚ “internal control is best regarded as indicating the whole system of controls‚ financial and otherwise estimated by the management in the conduct of a business including internal check‚ internal audit and other form of controls.” (D.P. Jain‚ 1993). Larry F. (2002) defines internal control
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Question 1: What are the primary goals and tenets of SOX with respect to fraud? The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was created to reduce financial statement fraud by two main congressmen; Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael OXLEY. The primary goal of the SOX was to fix auditing of US public companies ‚ also SOX improvement of the quality of audits in an attempt to eliminate fraud in order to protect the public’s interest‚ as well as for the protection of the investors (Donaldson‚ 2003)
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