GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN: WEAKNESSES‚ STRENGTHS AND PROSPECTS Abstract Pakistan had no worthwhile civil society and hardly any middle class in 1947 due to rampant illiteracy and absence of an independent media. The masses were poor‚ the country was described an “economic desert” and there was an unprecedented influx of refugees. The country lacked the necessary infrastructure and institutions. The capability to develop them was lacking. The external and internal threats to the security
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Prior to creation as a modern state in 1947‚ the area of modern Pakistan was both ruled by local kings and under various imperial power throughout different time periods. The ancient history of the region comprising present-day Pakistan also includes some of the oldest empires from the subcontinent[1] and some of its major civilizations.[2][3][4][5] By the 18th century the land was incorporated into British India. The political history of the nation began with the birth of the All India Muslim League in
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The history of Pakistan as a separate country began in 1947 when the Indian subcontinent gained independence from Great Britain and was partitioned into the two countries of Pakistan and India. This separation was the culmination of events set in motion by the formation of the All-India Muslim League in 1906 to seek political rights for Muslims. Mohammed Ali Jinnah‚ called Qa’id-e-A’zam (Great Leader)‚ served as the league’s president and was the main force behind partition. At first he worked with
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Known for its wet climate and natural resources‚ the Northwest includes the states of Oregon‚ Washington‚ and Idaho. This vast land region made up of rugged shorelines‚ volcanic mountains‚ and green mountain sides all play a part in the climatic‚ social‚ and ecological diversity. Levels of carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gasses in the atmosphere are on the rise‚ warming the earth and are causing wide range impacts. These impacts include the rising sea levels‚ melting snow and ice‚ extreme
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Introduction Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues‚ some of which are confined to ill-formed/missing infrastructure‚ insufficient refined resources‚ barren or obsolete factories and technologies‚ the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also involving an ever-ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in natural resources‚ Pakistan has so far been a developing country with limited development in every
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Blackwater‚ is it in Pakistan? According to the article “Blackwater (Xe): The Secret US War in Pakistan”‚ written by: Andrew Hobbs‚ Kelsea Arnold‚ Brittney Gates‚ Elaine Wellin and Peter Phillips‚ within a covert forward operating base run by the US Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC)‚ members of the elite division of Blackwater are at the center of a secret program in which they target suspected Taliban and al-Qaeda operatives inside and outside of Pakistan. They write about how the
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Terrorism in Pakistan Mohammad Safdar Social 10-1AP Mr. Brash December 16‚ 2010 Terrorism is a curse. The War on terror has increased the terrorism all over the world. One example of this is the situation in Pakistan. Terrorism had a dire affect on Pakistan economy and society. Terrorism has increased the rates of unemployment and poverty. Terrorism is pushing Pakistani severity toward collapse. It has affected the flow of Foreign Direct Investment FDI. It has damaged the Pakistan’s export
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The Radio Pakistan Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) As observed in the case of television‚ the state maintained a position of monopoly in the radio sector until the2002 liberalisation of the media and PEMRA’s emergence as a broadcasting licences-awarding authority. Sincethen‚ there has been a steady growth in FM radio stations across the country. According to figures from 2009‚ there are presently 40 FM radio stations operating in Pakistan. After an initial surge in new radio stations‚
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PAKISTAN-RUSSIA RELATIONS: POST-COLD WAR ERA Adnan Ali Shah * The demise of the Soviet Union in December 1991 witnessed a tectonic shift in world affairs. The transition from a bi-polar world to uni-polar one‚ the emergence of the United States as the triumphant‚ sole super power‚ at the end of fifty years of the Cold War‚ has necessitated a shift in the priorities and goals of the nation states. The renunciation of the Soviet communist ideology‚ coupled with the unraveling of the Soviet Union
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Sectarianism in Pakistan INTRODUCTION The decade of the 1990s witnessed a frightening upsurge in the Shia-Sunni sectarian violence in Pakistan‚ both in terms of scope and intensity. Recently‚ sectarian strife has engulfed even those areas‚ which were previously unaffected‚ largely because of the emergence of organized terrorist groups along sectarian lines. Besides target killings‚ these groups hit even ordinary members of each other’s sects. The problem‚ therefore‚ is no more of an occasional nature
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