CHAPTER IV THEORETICAL BASE A. Marketing 1. Marketing definition a. According to Philip Kotler and Kevin Lone Keller‚ marketing is a societal process by which individuals and group obtain what they need and want through creating‚ offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with others. (Philip Kotler and Kevin Lone Keller‚ Marketing Management‚ 12th e) b. According to American Marketing Association‚ marketing is a process of planning and implementing
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behaviour. Let us briefly examine the behaviour of people at work. It is a fact that individuals differ in terms of behaviour and responses. In the work situation behaviour can be classified under various types‚ eg. work performance‚ subjective (job satisfaction)‚ physiological‚ etc. These types of behaviour are called dependent variables (criteria). Why do these differences in‚ for example‚ work performance‚ occur? Firstly‚ we have to look at the
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There are several common approaches to make the work place better‚ but it’s all up to the employees to put in good quality day of work. There are these three ways to make the employees happier and that is job enlargement‚ job rotation‚ and job enrichment. They are different in some ways but alike in many. The first way is job enlargement. This way is to expand in several tasks than just to do one single task. It is also the horizontal expansion of a job. It involves the addition of tasks at the
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EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION IN IT FIELD EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION Employee satisfaction is the individual employee’s general attitude towards the job. It is also an employee’s cognitive and affective evaluation of his or her job. What are factors influences / effects to employee satisfaction? It can include factors as following: 1. Organization development factors • Brand of organization in business field and comparison with leading competitor. • Missions and Vision of organization. • Potential
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DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT Management was influenced by various disciplines like sociology‚ economics‚ political science‚ anthropology‚ psychology‚ and even literature. Due to such multidisciplinary influences‚ even authors like Harold Koontz (1961) referred to management as a ‘jungle’. Even then‚ differences exist in the classification of approaches. Although one of the ways to classify management approaches is from the analysis of John G. Hutchinson (1971)‚ which considers
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT When I embarked this project‚ it appeared to me as onerous task. Slowly as I progressed I did realized that I was not alone after all. I wish to express my gratitude to DIRECTOR NAME‚ director‚ COLLEGE NAME‚ FACULTY MEMBER‚ Program co-ordinator who have extended their kind help‚ guidance and suggestion without which it could not have been possible for me to complete this project report. My sincere thanks to my all entire faculty members XXXXX‚ XXXXX and all staff members
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Measuring Customer Satisfaction Introduction Determining the do’s and don’ts of customer satisfaction should be regarded as an instrumental business practice. There should be nothing arbitrary about gathering information‚ and simply tracking numbers is a waste of time and effort. If an organization is not using good reliable data‚ then‚ most likely the organization is doomed to fail. According to James Evans and William Lindsay (2011)‚ “Meeting customer expectations (that is‚ providing satisfiers)
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Ample evidence in previous research suggests that jobs that have high degree of skill variety‚ task significance‚ task identity‚ autonomy and feedback result in higher intrinsic rewards among job incumbents. The theory has been tested in recent studies conducted within contemporary work settings and the outcomes are still consistent with the prior findings (De Varo‚ et.al. 2001). All these research found that job incumbents tend to experience improved job performance resulting in positive internal reinforcement
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Theoretical Position Paper Kori E‚ Hudgins‚ Psy 310 Dr. Joycelynn Flowers-Ashton In this paper we will compare and contrast the basic theoretical positions of Sigmund Freud‚ Carl Jung‚ Alfred Adler and William James. We will be describing the differences among their perspectives concerning the causes and nature of human psychological functioning. Sigmund Freud‚ who was often considered the “father of psychoanalysis” work was instrumental in providing a clearer understanding of what motivates
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------------------------------------------------- Quality of Working Life and related concepts: job satisfaction‚ workplace stress and quality of life Whilst there has‚ for many years‚ been much research into job satisfaction‚[1] and‚ more recently‚ an interest has arisen into the broader concepts of stress and subjective well-being‚[2] the precise nature of the relationship between these concepts has still been little explored. Stress at work is often considered in isolation‚ wherein it is assessed
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