Immanuel Kant and Aristotle agree that all rational beings desire happiness and that all rational beings at least should desire moral righteousness. However‚ their treatments of the relationship between the two are starkly opposed. While Aristotle argues that happiness and morality are nearly synonymous (in the respect that virtue necessarily leads to happiness)‚ Kant claims that not only does happiness have no place in the realm of morality‚ but that a moral action usually must contradict the actor’s
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Dos problemas e filósofos apresentados nesta apostila‚ optamos por realizar uma reflexão conceitual das idéias de Kant e Baumgarten relativas à Estética. Tal o fazemos‚ por considerarmos que neste período‚ se produz os elementos teóricos que vão instituir conceitualmente esta área de conhecimento dentro da esfera filosófica e‚ além disso‚ por esta temática ser um tema candente na Filosofia contemporânea‚ sobretudo em razão das produções de Nietzsche e Kierkegaard. Primeiramente buscaremos conceituar
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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION APPROACH The view of development as a replica of the systems of the change agents The change agents defined development as a replica of their own systems. For example‚ during the cold war‚ the USA was defining development as the replica of its own political-economic system and opening the way for the transnational corporations. At the same time‚ the developing countries saw the ‘welfare state’ of the North Atlantic Nations as the ultimate goal of development. These nations
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In Perry Westbrook’s literary criticism on Kurt Vonnegut‚ Westbrook states that Vonnegut emerged as one of the most influential and provocative writers in America during the 1960s. He supports this point by using examples of stories written by Vonnegut and giving a summary of each story he provides. Westbrook also talks about recurring ideas and themes in Vonnegut’s stories and Vonnegut’s ideals. The first point he brings up is how Vonnegut describes himself as a total pessimist and his stories
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INTRODUCTION The following entry presents criticism of Orwell’s short novel Animal Farm‚ which was published in 1945. Animal Farm (1945) is considered one of Orwell’s most popular and enduring works. Utilizing the form of the animal fable‚ the short novel chronicles the story of a group of barnyard animals that revolt against their human masters in an attempt to create a utopian state. On a larger scale‚ commentators widely view Animal Farm as an allegory for the rise and decline of socialism in
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This page intentionally left blank A HISTORY OF FEMINIST LITERARY CRITICISM Feminism has transformed the academic study of literature‚ fundamentally altering the canon of what is taught and setting new agendas for literary analysis. In this authoritative history of feminist literary criticism‚ leading scholars chart the development of the practice from the Middle Ages to the present. The first section of the book explores protofeminist thought from the Middle Ages onwards‚ and analyses the
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"Cloaking the Self: The Literary Space of Gogol ’s ’Overcoat. ’" PMLA 90.1 (1975): 53-61. Gogol‚ Nikolai. The Overcoat and Other Tales of Good and Evil. Trans. David Magarshack. New York: Norton‚ 1965. James‚ William. Psychology (Briefer Course). New York: Collier-Macmillan‚ 1962. Lahiri‚ Jhumpa‚ The Namesake. Boston: Houghton Mifflin‚ 2003 Le Guin‚ Ursula K. Steering the Craft. Portland‚ OR: Eighth Mountain Press‚ 1998. Moore‚ Richard. "Gogol ’s ’Overcoat. ’" Partisan Review‚ 67.3 (2000): 40-73
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advances over the many years man has populated the earth there would not be the democratic system that we call a society. Without the conveniences of modern luxuries we would have an entirely different stature of limitations than we perceive there to be. Kant claims in his second thesis that nature intended us to achieve great things; that man becomes powerful because nature pushed us to apply all of our capacity to rise above instinct and nature and begin to learn how to provide for ourselves. Rousseau
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Kant starts‚ Groundings for the Metaphysics of Morals‚ by explaining the difference between things that are good‚ and things that are good only with qualification. When it comes to the first type of good there is only one thing that counts‚ good will. Good will is by itself the only thing in the universe that is unconditionally good‚ and incorruptible. Everything else that we perceive as good‚ is not really good on its own and is equally capable of being bad. Wit‚ intelligence‚ and talent are
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experience and it insisted on the freedom and the autonomy of the individual” (Wolf). The philosophy of existentialism‚ and one of its greatest philosophers Jean Paul Sartre‚ were the motivation and inspiration to the arts and humanities during the 1940’s and 1950’s. First allow me to elaborate on the definition of existentialism and France at the start of 1940. Existentialism is a philosophical movement oriented toward two major themes‚ the analysis of human existence and the centrality of human choice
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