CRITICAL THINKING PSU LOGICAL FALLACIES Ad hominem or ATTACKING THE PERSON. Attacking the arguer rather than his/her argument. Example: John’s objections to capital punishment carry no weight since he is a convicted felon. Note: Saying something negative about someone is not automatically ad hominem. If a person (politician for example) is the issue‚ then it is not a fallacy to criticize him/her. Ad ignorantium or APPEAL TO IGNORANCE. Arguing on the basis of what is not known and cannot be
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Logic Logic- Greek word ‘logos’ which means thought‚ word‚ speech‚ science. Founded by Aristotle around 384-322 B.C. through his famous philosophical masterpiece “organon” Organon- the universal rational instrument for the acquisition of philosophical knowledge. Logic is about the attainment of truth. It is the art and science of correct thinking. Thus‚ thinking and reasoning. Thinking- it means mental operations or the process of drawing out conclusions from previously known data. Correct Thinking-
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Victoria Cantu Professor Moore English 1301-033 16 July 2012 Should Marijuana Be Legalized? In her essay “Here ’s why I ’m against legalizing marijuana‚” Loolwa Khazzoom addresses the debate about legalizing marijuana in the United States. Around 2003‚ Khazzoom visited Amsterdam‚ where marijuana was legal. In an attempt to avoid marijuana‚ she searched for an internet café free from smoke‚ and failed. She resorted to the downstairs area of a café where the designated smoking section was upstairs
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import of a proposition Venn diagram for categorical propositions 4. Categorical Logic (II) Structure of a standard categorical syllogism Relation between the structure of syllogisms and their validity Venn diagram for categorical syllogisms Translating ordinary language statements into categorical form The conversion of non-standard syllogisms to standard syllogisms 5. Propositional Logic (I) Logical operators and their truth-table definitions Translations of
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arguments In this paper‚ I will analyze the following argument in terms of validity and soundness: An argument is a syllogism only if it is valid. An argument has a true conclusion‚ if it is valid. If an argument has consistent premises‚ then it has a true conclusion. Thus‚ if an argument is a syllogism‚ then it has a true conclusion. As we shall soon learn‚ this argument is valid but unsound. I begin my analysis by providing a
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arguments. 6. What is syllogism? Syllogism is a chain of reasoning moving from general‚ universal principles to specific instances. 7. What is an enthymeme? An enthymeme is a shortened syllogism. It serves the purpose of a more practical and beneficial way to argue. 8. How do you derive an enthymeme from a syllogism? To derive an enthymeme from a syllogism is to take out the universal principal and create a more practical argument. It’s basically to summarize the syllogism to the key point.
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from the premise and determines the validity of the theory Syllogism 1. What makes something a syllogism? A syllogism is the ability to assemble a conclusion from the connecting information gathered to form the inference 2. Why do people use syllogisms? Syllogisms are ways to prove a truth or validate a cause. A syllogism offers a sequence of rational to support the theory 3. How do people create syllogisms? Syllogisms are created from questions that are categorically correct. Constructing
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Licensed to: iChapters User Licensed to: iChapters User A Concise Introduction to Logic‚ Eleventh Edition Patrick J. Hurley Publisher: Clark Baxter Senior Sponsoring Editor: Joann Kozyrev Development Editor: Florence Kilgo Assistant Editor: Nathan Gamache Editorial Assistant: Michaela Henry © 2012‚ 2008‚ 2006 Wadsworth‚ Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced‚ transmitted‚ stored‚ or used in any form or by any
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Enthymeme 1 Types of Categorical Arguments 1. Enthymeme (having less than 3 propositions) 2. Syllogism (having 3 propositions) 3. Sorites (having more than 3 propositions) 2 Enthymeme Definition • The incomplete form of argument having omitted premise or conclusion. e.g. Diamond is expensive‚ because it is rare. • Enthymeme
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the press and candidates behave differently. 2) The 1960 and 1980 elections were __________close___Good-1pt______________. 3) Therefore‚ in the 1960 and 1980 elections‚ the press and the candidates behave differently. 5B. Consider the following syllogism: 1) All borogroves are mimsy. 2) Kaloobafak is a borogrove. 3) Therefore‚ Kaloobafak is mimsy. Is this deduction valid? Choose one: Yes [ X ] No [ ] Can’t say [ ]Good 1pt 5C. As we’ve noted‚ in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
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