Principles of Distillation What is distillation? Simply‚ distillation is the process in which a liquid is vaporized (turned to steam)‚ recondensed (turned back into a liquid) and collected in a container. Nature uses a form of distillation to turn salt water (seawater) into fresh water (rain). Why do you use distillation to recycle waste solvents? Solvent-based waste contains volatile material (solvents) and non-volatile material (contaminants like paint‚ ink‚ grease‚ fiberglass‚ etc.). Many of the
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STEAM TURBINES A steam turbine is a prime mover which converts heat energy into mechanical energy. In a conventional steam turbines cycle‚ water is used as the working fluid. The water is heated in a boiler by burning fuel. It evaporates into steam which is expanded in a turbine where mechanical power is generated. The steam generated is of high temperature and high pressure. The temperature is often in the 450 to 540 degrees centigrade range. The pressure ranges between 60 and 120 bar. The
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Global Oil Market Before and After Oil Extraction in Saudi Arabia KHALED HAMED AL SHEHRI Contents Contents 2 INTRODUCTION 3 I. BACKGROUND 3 A.Exploring the Oil in KSA 4 B.Middle East Economy 5 II. GLOBAL MARKET 6 A.Global Market before and after Saudi Oil Exploration 6 B.Current Position of Global Oil Market 6 C.Worldwide Oil Consumption 7 1. Comparison between OECD and Non-OECD Countries 7 III SAUDI ARABIA ROLE IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY 9 A.OPEC 9 B.Saudi Arabia role in OPEC
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Cons of using oil I want to talk about advantages and disadvantages of using oil in our world‚ people can use it for different reasons. We use oil for cars‚ airplanes etc. In some countries it is very expensive but in other countries it is much more cheaper because today its harder to find thats why its more expensive and may not be much left. Oil is very useful. For example‚ we can use it as an ingredient for our meal but also it used to accelarate the cars and how we also know doctors use oil in many
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REFINING PETROLEUM The crude oil obtained from earth’s crust needs to be refined before using it. It is done by a method called fractional distillation which involves separation of two or more liquids having different boiling points. The refining is done by changing the liquid into its gaseous state and then cooling the gaseous mixture at controlled temperatures such that at a time only one of the vapours having boiling point I liquefies first. This is generally done by a special tower called
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS * System: Ethanol – water * Feed rate: 225kmol/h * Feed composition: 28 mol% ethanol * Feed condition: 50% saturated liquid & 50% saturated vapor * 97% of ethanol recovery is required * Operating pressure: 1bar * Distillate composition: 81 mol% ethanol * Column type: Sieve tray column * Operating condition: 70% of flooding Applying material balance to the rectifying section (Eqn 01); V=L+D Applying material balance for the more volatile
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Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 597–609 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijhmt Numerical simulation of parabolic trough solar collector: Improvement using counter flow concentric circular heat exchangers O. García-Valladares a‚*‚ N. Velázquez b a b Centro de Investigación en Energía‚ Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México‚ Privada Xochicalco s/n‚ Temixco‚ Morelos 62580‚ Mexico Instituto de Ingeniería
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the Extraction lab is to separate and purify benzoic acid‚ 2-naphthol‚ and naphthalene. These organic solids are purified by partitioning the solid in 2 immiscible solvents‚ diethyl ether and sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide. II. Significance a. The significance of the Extraction lab is to purify Acetanilide benzoic acid‚ 2-naphthol‚ and naphthalene by determining the partition coefficient. This value is determined by dividing the solubility of the given solute in the extraction solvent
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Steam Turbines The invention of the water turbine was so successful that eventually‚ the idea came about for extracting power from steam. Steam has one great advantage over water-it expands in volume with tremendous velocity. To be the most effective‚ a steam turbine must run at a very high speed. No wheel made can revolve at any speed approaching the velocity that a steam turbine can. By utilizing the kinetic energy of steam flow‚ the turbine could achieve a higher efficiency. As a result
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Name of the Experiment: Simple Distillation (Semimicroscale Procedure.) Abstract: Distillation is a method of process of separating 1:1 mixture based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is done with the use of simple distillation apparatus shown in Figure 1. In this experiment‚ simple distillation process was used to determine the identities of the unknown compounds in the solution through the obtained boiling points. The list of probable unknown volatile
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