25 The Legislative and Litigation History of Special Education Edwin W. Martin Reed Martin Donna L. Terman Abstract Between the mid 1960s and 1975‚ state legislatures‚ the federal courts‚ and the U.S. Congress spelled out strong educational rights for children with disabilities. Forty-five state legislatures passed laws mandating‚ encouraging‚ and/or funding special education programs. Federal courts‚ interpreting the equal protection and due process guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment
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say that special educational needs (SEN) came in use as a result of dissatisfaction: The term special educational needs began to come into use in the late 1960s as a result of increasing dissatisfaction with the terminology used in the Handicapped Pupils and School Health Service Regulations (1945)‚ which classified handicapped children into ten categories according to their main handicap. (Gulliford and Upton‚ 1992) The definition of SEN in the Education Act 1996
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The special education teacher is under a great deal of pressure with the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law which was recently passed by the government in 2002. Students with disabilities are now treated as if they are to know as much as students that do not have a disability of any kind. Schools that fail to meet the governments mandate of the NCLB are in danger of losing some of their government funding‚ are put on a “needs to improve” list‚ and are punished rather than helped out by the government
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Though special education has improved by leaps and bounds in the past 50 years‚ we are still seeing the effects of disproportionality. Disproportionality describes the phenomenon of overrepresentation of certain races and ethnicities in the special education programs in schools. For instance‚ African American and Amerindian groups have a much larger representation in special education programs when compared to their actual population size in the school. This overrepresentation for special education
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Used in Special Education Grand Canyon University: SPE-536 Then and Now: History of Assessments Used in Special Education In today’s world students are being diagnosed every day for multiple disorders. Over the history of special education both standardized (formal) and curriculum based (informal) assessments have been created and implemented to help make sure that students are receiving the proper support to help them meet their educational goals. Assessments within special education are implemented
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Shaping Special Education Kenna Hubbard January 21‚ 2013 Shaping Special Education How to best serve students with disabilities? This has long been the question that has teachers and educators probing for the best possible practices to serve special education students. In comparison to early philosophies and academics‚ the special education field did not come about until the nineteenth century. Though fairly young‚ special education has had a fascinating history. With some of the earliest
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Candace Campbell May 2‚ 2013 SPE-330 Special Education Foundations and Framework Instructor: Mary Urich Investigating Special Education Internet Resources Table of Content * Disabled Students Program * National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability (NCWD) * OSERS-Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services * Team (START) * The National Education Association (NEA) * Special Needs Center * Special Education Association * National Center for Learning
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Why is a special education teacher a good resource to help deal with student behavior problems? A special education teacher is a good resource to general education teachers when they are dealing with students exhibiting behavior problems because they specialize in working with individuals with disabilities. Some special education teachers will work with individuals with specific types of disabilities while others may work with a range of disability types. Since these teachers are more knowledgeable
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Special Education Student Interview Kellona Anderson EDU 521 Liberty University Dr. A. Smith Special education is defined as “specially designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student” according to Hallahan‚ D.‚ Kauffman‚ J.‚ and Pullen‚ P. (2012). The student that I chose to interview is currently age 25 and completed her special education program at the age of twenty-one. Due to the fact that the student was diagnosed as being mentally retarded at an early
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of The Special Education Field In an ideal world‚ the general education classroom teacher would be able to differentiate instruction to allow all students to succeed. However‚ considering realistic limitations and constraints of teacher efficacy‚ time‚ and resources‚ some researchers have been skeptical of what can realistically be implemented with valid and reliable results. (Fuchs & Fuchs‚ 2015; McMaster & Fuchs 2002; O’Connor & Jenkins‚ 1996). Although there are various general education approaches
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