Decline of the Ottoman Empire The history of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century is one of increasing internal weakness and deterioration. Once a super power‚ the Ottoman Empire fell because of a combination of internal degeneration and external pressures. Loss of economic vitality resulted as Europe went to Africa for trade and relied on the Americas rather than the Ottoman middleman. Industrialized Europe soon surpassed outdated Ottoman traditions. Poor leadership gave way to loss of
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Subject: Impacts of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) - Decline in Food Crop Production – Emergency refinement required to balance the Food Production and Rural Employment… Introduction: The World Bank says that more than 30 per cent of the Indian population lives on less than $1 a day‚ but Indian economists believe that the figure of poor could be much more than the estimate. Successive governments tried various means to fight poverty with little success. The UPA government
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3. BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY: Abnormal Psychology - is the area that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior. The term covers a broad range of disorders‚ from depression to obsession-compulsion to sexual deviation and many more. Counselors‚ clinical psychologists and psychotherapists often work directly in this field. • Abnormal psychology is the study of certain behavioral abnormalities in a person’s psyche. Like‚ neuroses‚ psychoses and mental retardation. Hypnosis and mesmerism are often
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History of Psychology The word psychology comes from two Greek words: Psych and Logos. It was in the 18th century when psychology gained its literal meaning: the study of behavior. Today‚ psychology is defined as the scientific and systematic study of human and animal behavior. The term psychology has a long history (Feldman). Psychology started within the fields of philosophy and physiology. But thanks to a German man named‚ Wilhelm Wundt‚ psychology became an independent field of its own. Wilhelm
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Definitions of Psychology Psychology History & Perspectives 1.“the science of mental life” (William James‚ 1890) 2. “the study of human or animal behaviour” (Webster’s Dictionary‚ 1988) 3. “the scientific study of behavior and the mind” (Passer & Smith‚ 2004) Roots of the Word psyche Greek for the “soul” Related Fields I. Philosophy Rene Descartes (1595-1650) •dualism (interactionism) • mind is nonphysical entity • mind and body are separate‚ distinct entities involved in
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Topic: Cognitive Competence Wai (Synergy) Content Part 1 1. Definition cognitive competence P.3-4 2. Theory of cognitive competence P.5-8 3. Factors affecting cognitive competence P.9-10 4. Importance of cognitive competence in leadership P.11-12 5. Ways to enhance the level of cognitive competence P.13-14 Part 2 Self evaluation P.15-17 Part 3 Reference P.18-19 Part 1 Definition of cognitive competence 1. Cognitive competence
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According to Woolfolk( 2010)‚”Cognitive development gradual orderly changes by which mental processes become more complex and sophisticated”. Psychologist and philosopher Jean Piaget is known as an significant figure in studies of cognition with children”. According to Piaget‚ “there are four stages of cognitive development an individual passes through‚ each stage is marked by shifts in how children understand and interact with the world around them‚ (1) sensor motor stage‚ (2) Preoperational stage
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY I. OVERVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGY 1. William James (1890) – Published Principles of Psychology 2. Wilhelm Wundt (1879) – Published the first Psychological lab in Leipzig 3. Sigmund Freud (1900) – Published Interpretation of Dreams 4. Alfred Biret & Theodore Simon (1905) – Developed the 1st standardized intelligence 5. Ivan Pavlov(1906) – Published the results of his learning experiments with dog tests 6. John Watson (1973) – Wrote his book on behaviorism‚ promoting the importance of
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that would use pigeons to guide missile to its target. * You have to make mistakes to learn. Definition of Learning *In psychology- It is more than listening to teachers‚ honing skateboard jumps‚ or mastering the use of an iPod. *By strict behaviorist- Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that arises from practice or experience. *By cognitive psychologists- define learning as a mental change that may or may not be associated with changes in behavior. Classical Conditioning
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Decline Stage A product form has reached this stage when it becomes clear the market is no longer able to sustain itself. Like the Maturity stage‚ the Decline stage may last a long time especially for products that have been adopted by a large percentage of the market who are not inclined to change how they satisfy their needs (i.e.‚ Laggards). Since the end of the product form is seen as inevitable‚ there are no sub-stages here. Characteristics: · Competition: As time goes on firms drop out until
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