given the choice of joining the Paksitani union or the Indian union. Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu King of the dogra dynasty‚ and was given a choice to join either state. While he was dithering between joining India or becoming an independent country‚ the Pakistani army attacked Kashmir from the west‚ thinking it would be a quick battle. But the King of Kashmir asked India for help. India agreed to help on the condition that Kashmir would be part of the Indian Republic. The king hastily signed a document
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Topic: Kashmir Issue Outline: The Kashmir dispute is there from the independence of India and Pakistan and after various confrontations during wars the problem still persists where the United Nations and other super powers have been unable to resolve. The relations between India and Pakistan are solely dependent on the conflict of Kashmir and for this reason the bilateral relations between the two countries are minimal. The history of Kashmir depicts its majority of Muslims and
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their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology‚ the popularity of the Internet‚ and proliferation of news coverage‚ the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed. Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act‚ the effects of psychological warfare aren’t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead‚ the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself. Therefore‚ the impact of psychological terror depends largely
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side sticks to its claims over Kashmir‚ the Kashmiri Muslims continue to pay a heavy price for their defiant struggle against overwhelming odds in order to exercise their right of self determination. For more than half a century the Kashmiris are oscillating between uncertainty and destitution. They continue to suffer misery and repression under illegal Indian occupation‚ and despite a stream of strong words and resolutions passed by the Security Council the Kashmir issue is still a bone o f contention
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Kasmir Issue Kashmir Issue: Causes and Effects Sana Iqbal December 5‚ 2010 Outline 1. Introduction 2. History 3. Causes of the Conflict 4. Beginning of the Confrontation 5. Conclusion Introduction Ever since territorial changes have taken place in history‚ issues pertaining to affiliation and independence of some state have always been there. Although history is full of territorial conflicts‚ the two most recent ones include the Palestine issue and the Kashmir issue. While Palestine
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A Relationship of Relentless Hostility A Brief Introduction: Kashmir is bleeding. Ever since the partition of the Indian subcontinent by the British in 1947‚ India and Pakistan have been bitter rivals and the Kashmir conflict remains unresolved. During five decades‚ they have fought four wars. Three of those wars were over the disputed region of Kashmir (including the region of Jammu)‚ which is divided by the “Line of Control”. “In 1947-1948‚ almost immediately after Independence‚ they
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The so-called Kashmir problem came into being almost with the independence of the country. Through 50 years have passed‚ the problem still remain unsolved. Kashmir still remains the most important source of friction between India and Pakistan. The British withdrew from India on 15th august‚ 1947. The princely Indian states were given the option either to (a) accede to India; (b) accede to Pakistan (c) become independent. No serious difficulties arose in the case of the other states. But the position
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Kashmir tragedy began when under the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846; the British sold the state of Jammu and Kashmir to Gulab Singh‚ a Hindu Dogra chieftain for the sum of 7.5 million rupees. Lord Lawrence who negotiated this treaty‚ termed this transaction as “iniquitous arrangement” The sale of such a vast area with a predominantly Muslim majority was justified by the Viceroy Lord Hardinge ‚ in his correspondence with Queen Victoria ‚to recover the losses in wars against
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Terrorism and its Effects on International Relations Introduction Over the years there have been significant changes in how terrorism is carried out. With the changes in how terrorism is carried out there have also been dramatic changes in how countries counter terrorist attacks. The modifications in the way a country counters these terrorist attacks affects international relations of these countries. These issues bring about the question of how have counter terrorism methods affected international
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Geography and climate Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe near Ladakh‚ India Jammu and Kashmir is home to several valleys such as the Kashmir Valley‚ Tawi Valley‚ Chenab Valley‚ Poonch Valley‚ Sindh Valley and Lidder Valley. The main Kashmir valley is 100 km (62 mi) wide and 15‚520.3 km2 (5‚992.4 sq mi) in area. The Himalayas divide the Kashmir valley from Ladakh while the Pir Panjal range‚ which encloses the valley from the west and the south‚ separates it from the Great Plains of northern
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