Journal of Health Economics 22 (2003) 151–185 The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs Joseph A. DiMasi a‚∗‚ Ronald W. Hansen b‚ Henry G. Grabowski c a Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development‚ Tufts University‚ 192 South Street‚ Suite 550‚ Boston‚ MA 02111‚ USA b William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration‚ University of Rochester‚ Rochester‚ NY‚ USA c Department of Economics‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ NC‚ USA Received 17 January 2002; received
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Why has the pharmaceutical industry been so successful historically? The pharmaceutical industry has been such a successful industry for numerous reasons: • Patent protection is considered to be an incentive for investing‚ and also creates customer loyalty. • Generic brands have been profitable and cost efficient for buyers. This simply means that suppliers don’t need to offer a particular name brand; all they need have is the active ingredients that brand name suppliers that have the same function
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Do People Have Premonitions? There are many debates on whether or not we have a sixth sense. That sixth sense is premonitions. The main questions asked are‚ do people have premonitions? Are they able to have premonitions? Does everyone have premonitions? Do only few people have premonitions? Most people will have dreams that will come true within the next day or the next few days. Many people get mild feelings of premonition; a feeling that something is about to happen‚ being good or bad. It can
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The developing countries are being requested to adopt eco-technology same as developed countries. If agreed‚ what affect will it have on India’s economic development? The developed countries having plenty of resources and very good infrastructure have always attracted the developing countries to follow their path to success but in this track there are numerous elements which cause severe environmental and social degradation and in this act of destruction of earth both‚ developed and developing
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was like part of the family. A week went by and Rocco still didn’t want to eat or do anything. We were getting worried because we felt like Rocco was killing himself‚ and that’s what happened. Rocco died one week after my grandfather and we knew that was because he got sad or maybe depressed. The dog could live without my grandpa; the dog felt lonely and that’s what killed him. Many people say that animals don’t have emotions or feelings. Some people say that animals are just wild creatures that we
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One of the most drugs abuse is that a patient may negatively addicted to drug. Most of people believe that stop using drugs is simple thing that anyone can do it but in fact withdrawal drugs in really hard challenge that needs hard effort and will power because drugs change the behavior that lead to force the body to abuse using drug. Drug abuse information clearly states drug abuse is an extreme desire to obtain‚ and use‚ increasing amounts of one or more substances. The first question to answer
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do good have good It is a law of nature that whatever action we take in this world‚ there is always a reaction. If we do well‚ we stand to gain a good reward. If we do badly‚ we should expect a bad outcome ultimately. "As you sow‚ so shall you reap" is a popular saying. The Holy Qur’an has also guided on this subject‚ it says: "If you do good‚ you do good to yourselves. Likewise‚ if you do evil‚ you do evil to yourselves." (17:7) One of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad was very fond of
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Company Q is an organization working to achieve the goal of generating the most possible profit. The attitude of company Q toward social responsibility however‚ is an area that needs focused improvement. Based on the description provided the company uses a numbers only approach to decision making. There are intrinsic and fiscal benefits of applying a social philanthropic ethic that should be evaluated. Improvement of company Q’s application of social responsibility could be achieved by developing
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State intervention in the pharmaceutical industry: social advance or threat to innovation? By Ivan Topalovic Introduction 1/ The Product A/ European level‚ the “EMEA” B/ R.O.W. a) The Followers b) The non-Followers 2/ The Price A/ Worldwide parameters B/ Examples of price fixing per country 3/ The Place 4/ The Promotion Conclusion Appendix I Chronology in therapeutic innovation Appendix II Major pharmaceutical companies mergers / acquisitions
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LOW LITERACY This essay will discuss the causes and the effects of low literacy in the societies. First‚ it discusses the economical causes of low literacy which are large population‚ poverty rates and instable economy. Secondly‚ it will discuss the political causes which are misuse of funds and corruption and change policy and followed by the social causes. After‚ it will briefly discuss the effects of the causes and finally it will conclude that low literacy is caused by the economy‚ politic
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