Zakkkkkkkk4yuhrViruses are microscopic nonliving repositories of nucleic acid that grow within the presence of living Prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Viruses contain infectious agents that consist of core genetic material either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or Ribonucleic acid (RNA). This core genetic material is what replicates within a Prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell host. Viruses can be transmitted through sneezing‚ coughing‚ direct contact or sexual viruses will be transmitted through bodily fluids
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Cell transformation is when a cell takes in DNA from the outside of the cell. It then becomes a component of the cell’s DNA. There are three different ways in transforming the cells. There is transforming bacteria‚ transforming plant cells‚ and transforming animal cells. The purpose of cell transformation is to introduce a foreign plasmid in order to make large quantities of it. In transforming bacteria‚ a foreign DNA is first joined to a small circular DNA molecule known as a plasmid .Plasmids are
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in packaging of the DNA in the nucleus. 6. Understand that DNA contains repetitive sequences and that only a small proportion constitutes genes. Appreciate the role of repetitive sequences in DNA technologies such as DNA profiling. 7. Describe the Watson-Crick double-helix model of DNA structure and the base pairing rule. Explain the importance of complementary base pairing to the conservation of the base sequence in DNA. Contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA. 8. In more detail
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Once the recombinant plasmid has entered the bacterial cell‚ DNA polymerase initiates replication at the ori site‚ or the DNA sequence that signals for the origin of replication. The plasmid replicates using the bacterial DNA replication enzymes. The multiple copies of plasmids now can produce the red fluorescent protein in great quantities. If the simple sugar arabinose is present in the bacteria
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“Animations of Unseeable Biology” describes the process of DNA replication. As the speaker Drew Berry explains‚ this process is repeatedly occurring and is performed mechanically. He provides us an animation of how a chromosome is replicated and split with the help of microtubules. Microtubules are straight tubes that are made up of proteins and it resides within a cell. This hollow tube allows the mitosis phase to occur. The copying of DNA is transported across the microtubules from one nucleus to
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1. DNA Nucleotide [pic] Nucleotides consist of three parts --- a pentose sugar‚ a nitrogen-containing base‚ and a phosphate group. A pentose sugar is a five-sided sugar. Deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom attached to its #2 carbon atom (designated 2’)‚ and ribose has a hydroxyl group atom there. Deoxyribose-containing nucleotides are the monomers of DNA RNA Nucleotide [pic] The left picture shows the nucleotide unit of RNA. Nucleotides differ from nucleosides
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divide the gene into the pre-S1‚ pre-S2 and S regions which encodes the large (L)‚ middle (M) and small (S) envelope proteins‚ respectively (Tiollais et al.‚ 1985) . The S protein is 226 amino acids long‚ has a molecular mass of 25 kDa and shares DNA and amino acid sequence as the C-terminus of the M and L protein. The M protein has a 55-amino acid extension to the S protein at its N-terminus‚ giving it a molecular mass of 31 kDa‚ while the L protein a further 108-119-amino acid extention
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Exam 1: The complete set of hereditary information carried by an organism is its genome Human DNA contains 20% C on a molar basis. What are the mole percents of A‚ G‚ and T? A- 30% G- 20% T- 30% In a polynucleotide‚ a phosphate group is linked to the 3’ and 5’ carbons 2 pentoses Which of the following is a transition mutation? A-T —> G-C - transition= purine —> purine or pyrimidine —> pyrimidine - Purines- GA - Pyrimidines- CT The basic building block of nucleic acids is the nucleotide
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Firstly‚ in contrast to all cells‚ the virions of all but a single type of virus contain only one type of nucleic acid. They might have DNA‚ or only RNA. For example‚ rhinoviruses that causes common cold has only single stranded RNA while virus that causes chickenpox has only double stranded DNA. Not only that‚ the nucleic acid may exist as one large molecule or it may be divided into a set of smaller molecules. For instance‚ the nucleic acid in the viruses that
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sugar of an adjacent nucleotide. 3. Explain why the structure of a DNA molecule is often described as a zipper. The structure of a DNA molecule is often described as a zipper because it is made of tow chains of nucleotides held together by nitrogenous bases. Just like the teeth of a zipper hold the two sides of the zipper together‚ the nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides hold the two strands of DNA together. 4. How does DNA hold information?
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