GOVERNMENT BUDGETING IN THE PHILIPPINES * BUDGET PRINCIPLES The term “budget” may be traced back to the Latin word “bulga”‚ which literally means bag or purse. Some scholars however seem to favor its deviations from the middle English “bouget”‚ meaning bag or wallet. It applied to the leather bag carried by the Chancellor of the Exchequer to parliament and contained the documents explaining the needs and resources of the country. As government changed and developed‚ the “budget” took on a much
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is the dominant force in foreign policy making. The explicit powers of the president that are granted by the Constitution – “chief executive‚ head of state‚ Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy” – are all associated with foreign affairs and policy making in different degree (330). The president has the highest power in this nation compared to any other individual citizen. While Congress does play a rather significant role and does use its powers to assert its role in this area‚ the president still
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1-16 FISCAL DEFICITS AND INFLATION DYNAMICS IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS Emmanuel Ating Onwioduokit Government expenditure in Nigeria has consistently exceeded revenue for most o the years beginning from 1980. This paper investigates the causal relationship f between infation andfiscal deficit in Nigeria from 1970 to 19194. It was empirically confirmed that althoughfiscal dejkit causes inflation‚ there was nofeedback between inflation and fiscal deficit. However
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National Security Strategy & Policy National Security Strategy & Policy – Basic Concepts 1. In order to understand the concept of National Security Strategy & Policy (NSSP)‚ it is pertinent to understand certain fundamentals. They are: a. Concept of nation-state in its universal application and more so its relevancy to Pakistan b. National Purpose (NP)‚ a statement of resolve and determination for which a Nation – State aspires to exist. c. Determination of
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Introduction Country prosperity National prosperity does not grow out of a country’s natural endowments‚ its labor pool‚ its interest rates or its currency’s value as classical economics insists‚ this question may led one to think that is created not inherited and would in fact totally agree with the statement. Achieving such prosperity in particular countries requires the use of trade to extract the political and economical benefits from its partners in order to gain them as allies‚ enhance state
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Ministry of Justice‚ National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs NATIONAL COHESION AND INTEGRATION POLICY January 2012 Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms 1 1 Preamble 2 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Rationale for National Cohesion and Integration Policy 3 1.3 Defining National Cohesion and Integration 4 1.4 Dimensions of National Cohesion and Integration 5 1.5 Formulating the National Cohesion and Integration Policy 8 2 Situational
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Market Structure and the Role of Government 1. Explain the unique characteristics of the four primary market structures. The four primary market structure are perfect competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ oligopoly‚ and monopoly (Quickonomics‚ 2017.). Each of these four characteristic of the market structure has a great influence on the decision-making and the profits (Quickonomics‚ 2017.). In perfection‚ this is a situation by which a large number of small firms compete against each other. Similarly
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V. Possible Government Policies to Cope with Financial Globalization As mentioned above‚ it is agreed by economists that financial globalization would be beneficial in the long run‚ but‚ in the short-run‚ it has certain links to the happening of financial crises. Thus‚ countless economists are suggesting that certain government policies should be imposed to stabilize to stabilize foreign and domestic financial markets. In general‚ there are three different types of arguments adopted by economists
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(Leviathan) maintained that for social control to exist‚ there must be strong government to ensure moral and social harmony. Niccolo Machiavelli (The Prince) however‚ contended that social benefits for social stability and security can be achieved in the face of moral corruption." In about 2000 words‚ write an essay based on research found in the two books above that talks about the role of government as a socializing agent and the role of morality in effective social control. The basis of both Leviathan
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Government propaganda played a major role in World War II by promoting national identity and unity. T World War II gave us countless examples of wartime propaganda posters that engaged Propaganda posters‚ fabricated by both Allied and Axis nations‚ persuaded their populaces of the justness of their cause. These posters today can be found in museums and online‚ allowing us all to study different methods of national advertising in times of war. The War Production Board was established in 1942 to direct
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