Designation: F 2212 – 08e1 Standard Guide for Characterization of Type I Collagen as Starting Material for Surgical Implants and Substrates for Tissue Engineered Medical Products (TEMPs)1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or‚ in the case of revision‚ the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an
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INTRODUCTION What is collagen ? Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals‚ especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. It is the main component of connective tissue‚ and is the most abundant protein in mammals. Collagen‚ in the form of elongated fibrils‚ is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendon‚ ligament and skin‚ and is also abundant in cornea‚ cartilage‚ bone‚ blood vessels‚ the gut‚ and intervertebral disc. Certain collagens found in skin tissue
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quaternary structure is four polypeptide subunits (2 alpha and 2 beta chains) whereas Collagen’s structure is 3 polypeptide chains wound around each other like rope. Haemoglobin has a prosthetic group – each chain contains a haem group (Fe2+) but collagen has no prosthetic group. Haemoglobin is made of a wide range of amino acid constituents in its primary structure whereas approx 35% of collagen’s primary structure is just one type of amino acid – glycine. Much of a Haemoglobin molecule is wound
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days. The mRNA level of type II collagen of chondrocytes seeded on all scaffolds consisting of PHBHHx were obviously higher than that of PHB-only scaffold throughout the culture period‚ suggesting the positive effect of PHBHHx on extracellular matrix production. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging technique‚ combined with confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) revealed that PHBHHx in PHB scaffold provided better surface properties for anchoring type II collagen filaments and their penetration into
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As a person’s age advances‚ the skin loses natural cells that promote elasticity and help maintain youthful look. Collagen‚ known to be a form of protein that holds and tightens the skin underneath‚ slowly decreases with age. Hence when you reach the age of forty‚ you notice that your skin starts to sag and form wrinkles. Even the hair and nails suffer from this gradual loss of collagen. The lips‚ most especially‚ also become less plump and the usual pout in most women is gone when they reach fifty
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Journal of Biomaterials Applications http://jba.sagepub.com/ Modulation of Gene Expression of Rabbit Chondrocytes by Dynamic Compression in Polyurethane Scaffolds with Collagen Gel Encapsulation Peng-Yuan Wang‚ Hsiang-Hong Chow‚ Wei-Bor Tsai and Hsu-Wei Fang J Biomater Appl 2009 23: 347 originally published online 12 August 2008 DOI: 10.1177/0885328208093684 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jba.sagepub.com/content/23/4/347 Published by: http://www.sagepublications
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the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) on their website‚ he states “…recent research confirms that silicon stimulates the formation of collagen‚ a protein that gives bones their strength and flexibility‚ joint cartilage its cushioning ability‚ and a scaffold upon which bone mineralization occurs” (par 2). Without the use of silica‚ collagen would not be formed properly and‚ it would inhibit a person’s bone growth. This all has to do with the general foundation for bone growth. It’s easier
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and human lung have also been successfully decellularized 2. Which ECM proteins have been found to be found in less amounts (or even damaged) in decellularized lung tissue? What might be the consequence of such alterations from normal tissue? Collagen Type I‚ IV‚ elastin and‚ fibronectin. With the alteration of the normal tissues the lung could lack key qualities that allow the lung to complete its function. 3. Which cells/cell lines have been successful in recellularization? Has the process
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cells • Most widely variable of tissues • Many varied functions • Common (mesenchyme) origin • Degrees of vascularity Functions • Binding • Suport • Protection • Insulation • Transport Structural Elements • Fibers ⁃ Collagen (white) fibres ⁃ Elastin (yellow) fibers ⁃ Reticular fibers • Ground substance ⁃ Amorphous material fills space between cells and contains fibers ⁃ Holds fluids ⁃ Acts as molecular sieve ⁃ Consists of interstitial fluid‚ cell adhesion
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Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a disorder that weakens the connective tissues within the body. Connective tissues support the bones‚ skin‚ blood vessels and in turn internal organs are effected. This syndrome can range in severity from mild to life threatening and about 1 in 5‚000 people with 10 different types of this genetic disorder are affected worldwide. My interest was struck in this syndrome when I was caring for a patient who was a former nurse who is now severely
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