signaling in immunorecognition (signal transduction) G Ligand (primary 0 messenger) 0.0 shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;18;(8674‚879);(15125‚879);(15125‚145);(21500‚145);(21500‚1540);(14509‚1540);(14509‚21497);(3531‚21497);(3531‚19296);(3607‚19296);(3607‚15187);(2071‚15187);(2071‚2713);(0‚2713);(0‚0);(3223‚0);(3223‚806);(8674‚806)posrelh0posrelv0pib Receptor-ligand binding CYTOSOL Cellular responses Signal transduction (via second messengers) shapeT
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Chapter 14: Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Messengers and Receptors Signal Transduction Mechanisms: II. Messengers and Receptors In the second major means of intercellular communication the signal is transmitted by regulatory chemical messengers Receptors are located on receiving cells that can be quite distant from the secreting cell Chemical Signals and Cellular Receptors Cells produce signals‚ in some cases by displaying molecules on their surfaces or by releasing a chemical signal Multicellular
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Amber McMillian May 26‚ 2009 Bacterial Vaginosis This is a vagina condition also referred to as Gardnerella Vaginitis that can produce vaginal discharge that is a result from an overgrowth of normal bacteria. This will cause a woman to have a vaginal discharge with a foul odor. It is not dangerous but it can cause bad symptoms. If any woman has this problem they should also be checked for more serious infections such as Chlamydia and Gonorrhea. The normal symptoms are excessive vagina discharge
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such as Vibrio natriegens‚ who are curved-rod shaped microorganisms‚ they elongate to almost twice their own size and form a dividing wall in which splits the single cell into two daughter cells (Madigan et al.‚ 2015). There are four phases to bacterial cell growth: the lag phase‚ which is a period where bacteria are maturing and adjusting to the environment. During this phase‚ RNA synthesis‚ production of ribosomes‚ enzymes and other molecules occur (Mullenger‚ 1973). This is followed by the exponential
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Bacterial Growth Requirements Evelyn Lyle ITT Technical Institute Angela Ask‚ MPS January 15‚ 2012 Every organism must find in its environment all of the substances required for energy generation and cellular biosynthesis. The chemicals and elements of this environment that are utilized for bacterial growth are referred to as nutrients. Many bacteria can be identified in the environment by inspection or using genetic techniques. The nutritional requirements of a bacterium such as E Coli are
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calculated the growth curve and it was 1.2. Using this I found the doubling time which was 34s. Introduction Bacteria grows by binary fission. One bacteria becomes two‚ two bacteria becomes four bacteria and it so goes on. A lot of changes occur in the bacterial cell during growth and due to this reason it is difficult to measure growth quantitatively. Growth is therefore usually measure by changing one or two easily measure parameters which will ignore the complicated cellular change. Therefore different
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Chliamydia trachomotisDirect contact (fomites‚ flies) Conjunctivitis #1 cause of blindness in world Bacterial Meningitis Haemophilus influenza type B Direct Contact Endogenous infection: aerosols Fever‚ headache‚ stiff neck‚ nausea‚ vomiting Rare in U.S. Bacterial Meningococcal Meningitis Neisseria meningitidisDirect Contact Droplet Transmission (Aerosols) Petechial rash Global problem Bacterial Pneumococcal Meningitis Streptococcus PneumoniaeDirect Contact Droplet Transmission Aerosols
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Unit 3. Assignment 1: Bacterial Growth Rates 1. Mediums that could be used to determine shigellosis include Btilliant Green Agar‚ and Triple Sugar-Iron Agar. Expected results in a confirmed case of shigellosis are as follows: Brilliant Green Agar – Isolated Shigella colonies which do not ferment lactose or sucrose and appear red or white in color with no growth to trace growth on the Agar plate will be present. Triple Sugar-Iron Agar – Presence of Shigella will manifest as a red slant with
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pelvic and bimanual exam was performed. Swabs of the vaginal area were collected and placed under the microscope. The results were concurrent with the suspected diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. The physician explained the results of the swab samples and offered the patient different treatment options. Pathophysiology Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is common infection of the vagina that causes discharge and odor due to the changing environment. The vaginal discharge is “characteristically described as a
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Modeling bacterial growth is important in maximizing the efficiencies of biological processes. Although there are many different methods of modeling bacterial growth‚ this experiment focuses on the Monod equations. However‚ in order to use the Monod equations‚ the maximum growth rate and Monod constant must be found. Here we show how the maximum growth rate and Monod constants can be obtained for Escherichia coli using M9 media in a bioreactor at 37 °C and 500 RPM. The maximum growth rate is also
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