Medline Plus / Kraft M. Approach to the patient with respiratory disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman’s Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 83.. 2013. Skin Discolouration. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003215.htm. [Accessed 13 May 14]…
2) characterized by pain and a rash with watery blisters and a red area that itches…
7. A 27 year old white female presented at the walking clinic of her local physic al on August 15. On physical exam, the patient had a fever of 38.5C. She appeared fatigued, had tender joints, and complained of a headache, a stiff neck and a backache. The physician noticed a circular “rash” about 5 inches in diameter, with a bright red…
Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection that is very contagious. It got its name because of the sharp high-pitched intake of air that makes a “whooping” sound that follows a fit of coughs. It was originally considered a childhood disease but now it affects those children that are too young to have completed vaccination and those who have slowly lost the immunity to it. This can cause death in infants, which is why pregnant women should be vaccinated against it. Whooping cough is caused by the bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. It produces many virulence factors including the pertussis toxin and since it can be transmitted through droplets, it can go from person to person making it highly contagious. When the infected person coughs or sneezes, the droplets in the air can be taken in by anyone nearby.…
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Reveals superficial erosions along the lips, particularly the lower lips, the posterior buccal mucosa, along the sides of the tongue, and also some superficial erosions along the upper and lower gingiva. Her posterior pharynx was difficult to visualize, but I saw no erosions on the areas…
The lymphatic system serves as a conduit for trafficking of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells to regional lymph nodes, where the immune system encounters pathogens, microbes, and other immune elicitors. Microorganisms and other foreign substances are filtered from lymph by lymph nodes and from blood by the spleen. In addition, lymphocytes and other cells are capable of destroying microorganisms and other foreign substances. Because the lymphatic system fights infections, and filters blood and lymph to remove microorganisms, many infectious diseases produce symptoms associated with the lymphatic…
Complications of SARS have been noted to be possible, respiratory failure, liver failure or heart failure. Many individuals required to have breathing assistance due to the severity of the effects to the respiratory system. The death rate of infected patients was reported as 9 to 12 %. Those infected patients over the age of 65 had a death rate of higher than 50%.…
Mary and Bill adopted a three-year-old toddler named Sam two weeks ago. Sam is good-natured and very inquisitive. Typically, before the finalization of an adoption, children are required to undergo a routine examination by a physician. However, the required examination is not meant to be a complete health screening, and many conditions are not even checked. Therefore, Mary and Bill are bringing Sam to Trinity Medical Center for a standard physical examination by a pediatrician to assess his health status.…
Global Health - Division of Parasitic Diseases . (2010, February 28). Malaria. Retrieved September 3, 2011, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html…
This disease affects the skin and mucous membranes, in which the layers of the skin start to peel away and separate, due to cell death. While medication reactions are the most common reason for onset, it can also occur in response to some preexisting bacterial infections. Symptoms for SJS can start off being flu-like, with a fever and a possible mild epidermal rash that can then quickly turn into severe blistering that causes the skin to be easily sloughed off. Once SJS has affected a certain amount of skin, it may then be diagnosed as Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Syndrome (TENS). In medical literature, SJS and TENS are the same disease, at varying levels of intensity (Foster, Foster & Foster, 2011).…
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease is a hemorrhagic fever caused by the Flavivirus. Acute means it comes onset rapidly meaning it affects the whole body. Experts believe the disease originated in Africa and it was introduced in South America in the slave trade within the 16th century. Several major disease epidemic cases have taken place in Europe, the Americas and Europe since the 17th century. It was deemed as the most common dangerous disease in the 19th century.…
Sarcoidosis is a disease which can affect many organs with in the body. It causes the development of granulomas which are clumps of cells from the immune system. When the lungs are affected from it, it makes breathing difficult because the lymph nodes in the neck, chest an around the lungs become enlarged and tender. Fluid then accumulates around the lung area rendering your breathing ability. You may also notice…
In the Northern hemisphere, particularly in southwestern regions, the United States and in northern Mexico dwells a disease called Coccidioidomycosis, which is also known as San Joaquin Fever, Valley Fever and Posada’s disease. Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease, which in most cases enters the body through the lungs. Both humans and mammals are susceptible to this infection. Specific areas have become endemic for a variety of reasons. Some reasons being, population swelling and the increase in tourism, that causes the infection to grow and manifest itself. There are various forms, where the infection can occur, such as: chronic progressive pneumonia, acute pneumonia, meningitis and extra pulmonary non-meningeal disease. The infection does not affect everyone the same and can cause only flu-like symptoms for patients, while others can experience the more severe side. This specific fungal infection has no exact cure but does have a handful of treatments available.…
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney and upper urinary tract that usually results from noncontiguous bacterial infection of the bladder. It is a renal disorder that involves the pyelum, pelvis or the parenchymal tissues which commonly known as pyelitis. A more severe form of the disease, on the other hand is called urosepsis. The common bacteria that usually found in patient with this disease are E-coli, staphylococcus, and streptococcus. Most kidney infections result from lower urinary tract infections, usually bladder infections. Bacteria can travel from the vagina or rectal area (anus) into the urethra and bladder. Lower urinary system infections may spread to the kidneys, causing pyelonephritis. When you have a bladder infection, the usual mechanism that prevents urine from flowing back to the kidneys does not work properly. This problem can allow infected urine to move into the kidneys and cause a kidney infection that will bring damage to the kidney. Pyelonephritis can either be acute or chronic.…
Inflammation is defined as the presence of edema fluid and the invasion of tissue by leukocytes. Inflammation is characterized by heat, redness, pain, and swelling. These characteristics are the result of the release of various chemical mediators during an immune response. Cytokines and other inflammatory mediators act on local blood vessels causing dilation of blood vessels and an increase in vascular permeability. Blood flow is increased and there is an increase in the leakage of fluid and proteins from blood vessels into tissues. This increase in blood flow and vascular permeability is produced so that immune cells can leave blood vessels, enter blood cells and fight infection.…