Opsk 612 Powerpoint First Session January 2015
OPSK 612
LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
First Session
Perceptual theory
• Only through your senses you can make contact with the world • What you observe is only true for you after you have interpreted it, according to already existing prior knowledge in your memory
• We can deduct from this that each of our observations will differ which in turn influence our behaviour
• Each child will react differently and we could only support such a learner with our own prior knowledge
• That is reason enough to study and keep on study to learn from other people’s existing prior knowledge
• Constructivists believe that within the interaction between the person and the environment new knowledge are created Environment
• Definition Total physical and social surroundings of an individual • Everything that you can see, hear, touch, smell and taste
• Examples : People, Buildings, Animals, Nature, Food,
Sounds.
• Nature – nurture problem
• Importance for effective teaching
• Maslow needs for development
• Physiological needs
• Safety needs
• Love and belonging
• Self esteem
• Self-actualization
• How would a poor environment look?
SENSES
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Eye – see
Ear – hear
Nose – smell
Tongue – taste
Skin – touch/feel
How would the senses work in a learner who are hungry?
BRAIN
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Stimuli Identify by the senses
Neurological input – Stimuli send to the brain
Identification of incoming stimuli
Interpretation of incoming stimuli
Categorization of incoming stimuli
Process of learning (Piaget, Vygosky, Behaviorist, Gagne
Erickson, etc.) - example
Forming of a internal reference framework
Effect of gaps in the learning process
Habitual behavior and effects
Trauma/ Anxiety
Defense meganisms –move away-fight-flight
Neurological output – taking action behavior
How would the brain function when a child is hungry?
BEHAVIOUR
Normal behaviour – behaviour accepted by most people
Abnormal behaviour – not accepted by most people
Problems and disabilities must be
LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
First Session
Perceptual theory
• Only through your senses you can make contact with the world • What you observe is only true for you after you have interpreted it, according to already existing prior knowledge in your memory
• We can deduct from this that each of our observations will differ which in turn influence our behaviour
• Each child will react differently and we could only support such a learner with our own prior knowledge
• That is reason enough to study and keep on study to learn from other people’s existing prior knowledge
• Constructivists believe that within the interaction between the person and the environment new knowledge are created Environment
• Definition Total physical and social surroundings of an individual • Everything that you can see, hear, touch, smell and taste
• Examples : People, Buildings, Animals, Nature, Food,
Sounds.
• Nature – nurture problem
• Importance for effective teaching
• Maslow needs for development
• Physiological needs
• Safety needs
• Love and belonging
• Self esteem
• Self-actualization
• How would a poor environment look?
SENSES
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eye – see
Ear – hear
Nose – smell
Tongue – taste
Skin – touch/feel
How would the senses work in a learner who are hungry?
BRAIN
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stimuli Identify by the senses
Neurological input – Stimuli send to the brain
Identification of incoming stimuli
Interpretation of incoming stimuli
Categorization of incoming stimuli
Process of learning (Piaget, Vygosky, Behaviorist, Gagne
Erickson, etc.) - example
Forming of a internal reference framework
Effect of gaps in the learning process
Habitual behavior and effects
Trauma/ Anxiety
Defense meganisms –move away-fight-flight
Neurological output – taking action behavior
How would the brain function when a child is hungry?
BEHAVIOUR
Normal behaviour – behaviour accepted by most people
Abnormal behaviour – not accepted by most people
Problems and disabilities must be