nursing research

The three types of qualitative research are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. What are the differences and similarities between two of the three types of studies?
Qualitative Research Qualitative research is designed in such a way that it reveals a target audience and range of behavior along with the perception that is related to a specific topic or issue. The research method utilizes in-depth studies involving small groups of people to provide with guidance and support to the construction of hypothesis. The results obtained through this method of research are descriptive rather than predictive (Burns & Grove, 2011). Following are the main types of qualitative research that differ from each other.
Phenomenological Research The goal underpinned by phenomenological research method is the description of a lived experience entrenched in a phenomenon. It is qualitative analysis utilized for narrative data. However, methods for the process of analysis of its data can differ from more traditional or quantitative methods of research. In addition to this, the underlying purpose of this approach is to give an insight of a specific phenomenon for its identification and the manner involved in its perception. Phenomenological research is associated with the paradigm presented by personal knowledge as well as significant emphasis on the importance of the personal perspective and interpretations (Corley, 2011). The collection of data is carried out by description of lived phenomenal experience by the participant. On the other hand, interviews can be utilized to gather participant’s description related to their experiences, or the participant can provide written or oral self report that briefly describes about their perception and experiences. The researcher should not ask the participant about any details of self report or interview. In order to analyze the collected data, the first principle in this regard is to utilize an emergent strategy so that nature of the data can be maintained by allowing the method of analysis. For example, descriptions of experiences will be underpinned by different approach depending on the narratives or interview data (van der Meide, Leget, & Olthuis, 2013).
Ethnographic Research In this type of qualitative research, the researcher carries out study of the structure and function by focusing on a group of people. The example of configuration or structure entails kinship. Conversely, the purpose is entrenched with the description about patterns of relationship that in turn pose sufficient effects on different behaviors as well as regulation of behaviors. The fundamental aim of this methodology is the provision of a holistic depiction of the social group studied and attempts the provision of description of various aspects including cultural and social system of that particular group. These aspects can be presented in the light of group history, economy, religion, environment, or politics (Dupin, Borglin, Debout, & Rothan-Tondeur, 2014). Data collection for this type of research varies on the basis of ethnographic studies that include observations and interviews, as they are the most utilized methods. Although in some of the studies, the authors have expressed certain concerns which are related to misuse of application of anthropological methods in the medical profession. On the other hand, most of the authors have signified the need of acknowledgment and incorporation of ethnographic methods in the area of health care. Furthermore, ethnographic research can be carried out on small scale in everyday settings which involves utilization of several methods resulting after the evolution in design and focusing on an individual’s explanations as well as meanings. In the field of health care, ethnography is use to gain adequate insight of the topics that are related to health beliefs and practices by allowing these issues to be viewed in the light of occurrence. This aspect in turn enhances the understanding of behaviors associated with health and illness (Staggers & Blaz, 2013).
References
Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice (5th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier.
Corley, K. (2011). The coming of age for qualitative research: Embracing the diversity of qualitative methods. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 233-237. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2011.60262792
Dupin, C. M., Borglin, G., Debout, C., & Rothan‐Tondeur, M. (2014). An ethnographic study of nurses’ experience with nursing research and its integration in practice. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(9), 2128–2139doi: 10.1111/jan.12371
Staggers, N., & Blaz, J. W. (2013). Research on nursing handoffs for medical and surgical settings: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 69(2), 247-262. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06087.x van der Meide, H., Leget, C., & Olthuis, G. (2013). Giving voice to vulnerable people: the value of shadowing for phenomenological healthcare research. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 16(4), 731-737. doi: 10.1007/s11019-012-9456-y

References: Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice (5th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier. Corley, K. (2011). The coming of age for qualitative research: Embracing the diversity of qualitative methods. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 233-237. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2011.60262792 Dupin, C. M., Borglin, G., Debout, C., & Rothan‐Tondeur, M. (2014). An ethnographic study of nurses’ experience with nursing research and its integration in practice. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(9), 2128–2139doi: 10.1111/jan.12371 Staggers, N., & Blaz, J. W. (2013). Research on nursing handoffs for medical and surgical settings: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 69(2), 247-262. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06087.x van der Meide, H., Leget, C., & Olthuis, G. (2013). Giving voice to vulnerable people: the value of shadowing for phenomenological healthcare research. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 16(4), 731-737. doi: 10.1007/s11019-012-9456-y