Marketing Strategies
Tabale of COntent
I. Introduction
Globalization concept is studied since 1870 (Lee et al, 2009); during the development of its concept, there are many debates around consequence of convergence process of the world. In last three decades, globalization is predicted as noticeable trend causing the homogeneity of consumption pattern in near future (Levitt, 1983 in Robson , 2005), whereas, in this days and age, homogeneity of customer needs, taste and lifestyles is indicated as an impossible phenomenon (De Mooij M., 2011). The debate of globalization versus localization leads to examining application of the maxim- “think global, act local” in different markets across the world. Failures of global brand in standardizing its name, brand image perception, causes the suspicion of existence of global brand.
The aim of this study is to examine two dimensions of brand image perception of customer: country of origin effect and brand name. Afterward, my personal opinion of existence of global brand will be proved in discussion part through previous researches and remarkable successes of some global brands in reality.
II. Body
1. Literature review
1.1 Global brands
“A global brand is one that available in most countries in the world”
( De Mooij, 2005, pp 14)
Global brands are defied as brands whose dimensions: personality, position, emotion, and advertising are represented almost the same cross the world but it is never identical from one country to another (Aaker; Joachimsthaler, 1999). That means global brands do not need to be identical in all markets, the adaptation might be involve partly in global marketing strategy. According to Wright et al (2007), brand name, advertised benefit and perceived reputation are three components creating the world wide recognition of global brands. However, there is a debate that brand awareness is not enough for multinational corporations to develop global brands (Atilgana et al, 2009) because
I. Introduction
Globalization concept is studied since 1870 (Lee et al, 2009); during the development of its concept, there are many debates around consequence of convergence process of the world. In last three decades, globalization is predicted as noticeable trend causing the homogeneity of consumption pattern in near future (Levitt, 1983 in Robson , 2005), whereas, in this days and age, homogeneity of customer needs, taste and lifestyles is indicated as an impossible phenomenon (De Mooij M., 2011). The debate of globalization versus localization leads to examining application of the maxim- “think global, act local” in different markets across the world. Failures of global brand in standardizing its name, brand image perception, causes the suspicion of existence of global brand.
The aim of this study is to examine two dimensions of brand image perception of customer: country of origin effect and brand name. Afterward, my personal opinion of existence of global brand will be proved in discussion part through previous researches and remarkable successes of some global brands in reality.
II. Body
1. Literature review
1.1 Global brands
“A global brand is one that available in most countries in the world”
( De Mooij, 2005, pp 14)
Global brands are defied as brands whose dimensions: personality, position, emotion, and advertising are represented almost the same cross the world but it is never identical from one country to another (Aaker; Joachimsthaler, 1999). That means global brands do not need to be identical in all markets, the adaptation might be involve partly in global marketing strategy. According to Wright et al (2007), brand name, advertised benefit and perceived reputation are three components creating the world wide recognition of global brands. However, there is a debate that brand awareness is not enough for multinational corporations to develop global brands (Atilgana et al, 2009) because
References: Aaker, D. A., & Joachimsthaler E. (1999), The lure of global branding, Harvard Business Review, 77(6), 137–144. Anja S. (1997) Consumer knowledge and country of origin effects, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 31 (1), pp. 56 – 72 Ashok R Atilgana E.; Akincia S.; Aksoya S. and Kaynakb E. (2009) Customer-Based Brand Equity for Global Brands: A Multinational Approach, Journal of Euro marketing, 18(2), pp. 115-132 Cathy H Chan A. K. (1997): Localization in international branding: a longitudinal comparison of the Chinese names of foreign brands in Hong Kong between 1987-1988 and 1994-1995, Journal of Marketing Communications, 3 (2), pp. 127-137. De Mooij M. (2003) Convergence and divergence in consumer behaviour: implications for global advertising, International Journal of Advertising, 22, pp. 183–202 De Mooij, M Fan Ying (2002) The National Image of Global Brands, Journal of Brand Management, 9 (3), pp.180-192 Floyd D; Ardley B Lee, K. and Carter S. (2009) Global marketing management: changes, new challenges, and strategies, 2nd ed., Oxford : Oxford University Press, pp 70-103 Lubliner, M Malaia V. & Speeceb M. (2005)Cultural Impact on the Relationship Among Perceived Service Quality, Brand Name Value, and Customer Loyalty, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 17 (4), pp. 7-39 Matanda T Narasimhan S.; Subhash C. J. and Kiranjit S. (2004) An experimental study of two dimensions of country-of-origin (manufacturing country and branding country) using intrinsic and extrinsic cues, International Business Review, 13(1), pp 65-82 Norjaya M Riefler P.,(2012) Why consumers do (not) like global brands: The role of globalization attitude, GCO and global brand origin, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29 (2012), pp 25–34 Robson M Tu Giang (2012) Do Vietnamese people really need Vietnamese brands [Online] Available from: http://english.vietnamnet.vn/en/special-report/22202/do-vietnamese-people-really-need-vietnamese-brands-.html, Accessed on : 25th, May, 2012 Véronique P Yeniyurt S. &Townsend J. D. and Talay M. B.(2007) Factors Influencing Brand Launch in a Global Marketplace, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24 (5), pp 471–485, 2007 Zhan G