Preview

LoW Power

Best Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2819 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
LoW Power
2010 12th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation

Comparison of LNA Topologies for WiMAX Applications in a Standard 90-nm
CMOS Process
Michael Angelo G. Lorenzo

Maria Theresa G. de Leon

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute
University of the Philippines, Diliman
Quezon City, Philippines mglorenzo1@up.edu.ph Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute
University of the Philippines, Diliman
Quezon City, Philippines tess@eee.upd.edu.ph The rest of the paper proceeds as follows: Section 2 of this paper presents the topologies of the implemented lownoise amplifiers. The discussion of the circuit design follows in section 3. The simulation results are presented in section 4 followed by the conclusion in section 5.

Abstract— This paper presents the design of low-noise amplifiers intended for WiMAX applications. Three low-noise amplifier topologies are implemented namely: (1) cascoded common-source amplifier, (2) folded cascode amplifier, and (3) shunt feedback amplifier. The amplifiers were implemented in a standard 90-nm CMOS process and were operated with a 1V supply voltage. Low-noise amplifier measurements were taken for parameters such as power gain, noise figure, input matching, output matching, reverse isolation, stability, and linearity. Based on the employed figure-of-merit, the cascoded common-source low-noise amplifier achieved the best performance among the three with a simulated gain of 13.8 dB and noise figure of 1.7 dB, which makes it comparable to previously published works.

II.

Keywords- RF IC Design; Low-noise amplifier; WiMAX;
Wireless communications

I.

A. Cascoded Common Source Amplifier
The most commonly used topology for LNA design today is the cascode amplifier with inductive source degeneration shown in the Fig. 1. This type of cascode amplifier is called the telescopic cascode amplifier since the cascode transistor is the same type as the input



References: 12, Dec. 2004 Page(s):132 – 140. Free Library. (2005, October 24). Retrieved September 22, 2009 Wikipedia Contributors. WiMAX (2009, April). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Johns, D., Martin, K., “Analog Integrated Circuit Design,” Wiley, 1996. Front End. Circuits and Systems, 2006. MWSCAS '06. 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on. 2004. Digest of Technical Papers. 2004 Symposium on.17-19 June 2004 Page(s):372 – 375. Circuits in RF Systems, 2006. Digest of Papers. 2006 Topical Meeting on.18-20 Jan Technology. Signals, Circuits and Systems, 2007. ISSCS 2007 No.6, nov.-Dec. 2001 pp.34-36. Lee, T., “The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits,” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Bc107 Unit 4

    • 1093 Words
    • 5 Pages

    BC107 BC108 LOW NOISE GENERAL PURPOSE AUDIO AMPLIFIERS DESCRIPTION The BC107 and BC108 are silicon planar epitaxial NPN transistors in TO-18 metal case. They are suitable for use in driver stages, low noise input stages and signal processing circuits of television reveivers. The PNP complemet for BC107 is BC177. TO-18 INTERNAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Symbol…

    • 1093 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Lm358 Unit 4

    • 2908 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Utilizing the circuit designs perfected for recently introduced Quad Operational Amplifiers, these dual operational amplifiers feature 1) low power drain, 2) a common mode input voltage range extending to ground/VEE, 3) single supply or split supply operation and 4) pinouts compatible with the popular MC1558 dual operational amplifier. The LM158 series is equivalent to one–half of an LM124. These amplifiers have several distinct advantages over standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. They can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as high as 32 V, with quiescent currents about one–fifth of those associated…

    • 2908 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Philosophy 120w

    • 1079 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Looking at the world as a big picture and everyone who is in it, they all seem to strive for the same thing in life, happiness. Happiness or Eudemonia as Aristotle calls it, is created through the process of combining five different components. These are the following components: Human function, the rational part of the soul, habituation, character, and virtue. Since our society craves happiness and views it as the best achievement we could have, Aristotle described it as the ultimate end.…

    • 1079 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    power

    • 1732 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Indeed power, justice, and greed are influencing factors that can alter the course of one’s life. These themes have been represented in the following texts, William Shakespeare Macbeth (play on stage) and William Golding’s lord of the flies (novel). The techniques employed are, symbolism, characterisation, language features, and violence/drama. Both authors employ a number of techniques to make both texts come to life vividly and more realistic and make the audience to consider they are a part of the texts.…

    • 1732 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Live Sound Reinforcement

    • 1699 Words
    • 11 Pages

    |Signal-to-Noise Ratio (below rated 1kHz power at 8 ohms) |XTi1002/2002/4002: 100 dB (A weighted) |…

    • 1699 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Power Struggles

    • 814 Words
    • 4 Pages

    There is a constant struggle for power in today’s society. There are citizens who are defending their rights, such as the freedom to protest, while authority figures try to reprimand them. The people are becoming more united and they are realizing that there is power in numbers, and that scares the government. The three branches have to keep innovating ways to have the people under control, and an effective method that is used is the “scare tactics” method. The government essentially uses guinea pigs, or in this case alleged terrorists, to set example for the other people of what power the government possesses. In the “Power to Kill” an editorial in The New York Times a controversy which involves the American government killing American citizens is brought up. In the editorial it is stated “President Obama, who came to office promising transparency and adherence to the rule of law, has become the first president to claim the legal authority to order an American citizen killed without judicial involvement.” This is a clear example of what the government is capable of. These forms of action should not go by unnoticed and they should not be tolerated, the killing of American citizens executed by the government is a step in the wrong direction. We the people need to keep gathering our strength in numbers and fight for what we believe in.…

    • 814 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Cmos

    • 2872 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Abstract—This paper presents a basic two-stage CMOS opamp design procedure that provides the circuit designer with a means to strike a balance between two important characteristics in electronic circuit design, namely noise performance and power consumption. It is shown in this paper that, unlike the previously reported design procedures, the proposed design step allows opamp designers to trade between noise performance and power consumption with greater flexibility. In order to verify the viability of the proposed design step, SPICE simulation results of the opamp designed by the proposed procedure, under a variety of temperature and process conditions, are given. Index Terms—CMOS analog integrated circuits, frequency compensation, operational amplifier, poles and zeroes.…

    • 2872 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Halt

    • 1724 Words
    • 7 Pages

    MOS model). The optimal M1,2 width (W) is determined for several M1,2 lengths (L) and bias current Ibias, and the overall optimal set of values is W=600µm, L=3µm, Ibias=53µA. Noise measurements show that 1/f noise has a slightly higher impact than does white noise, when both contributions are A-weighted. The expected SNR degradation introduced by the amplifier is lower than 1.5dB for Vb=±10V. The amplifier consumes 120µA at 1.8V. The amplifier differential output voltage for an SPL of 94dB (i.e., 1Pa) and Vb=±10V at 1kHz is 21mVrms with an amplifier gain of 8dB, resulting in a twomicrophone sensitivity of 8.4mVrms/Pa. The frequency response under the same conditions is measured with a TBS50 pyramid testbox, with frequency range of 60Hz to 9kHz, and is shown in Fig. 20.6.2. The transfer function is expected to be flat until at least 20kHz. A plot of the THD as a function of the SPL at 1kHz is shown in Fig. 20.6.3. No significant distortion due to the FA is observed, and the THD is below 1% for an SPL below 112dB. Increasing |Vb| increases the microphone sensitivity, resulting in higher microphone output voltages, as shown in Fig. 20.6.4 (top). However, if Vb reaches ~12.2V, the microphone collapses, with the membrane sticking to the bottom plate. Functionality can be restored by discharging the microphone to 0V. The A-weighted 20Hz-to-20kHz rms differential output noise is shown in Fig. 20.6.4 (bottom). At low Vb values, noise almost totally comes from the amplifier (5µVrms), while at higher Vb values the microphone noise becomes dominant. For the nominal condition Vb=10V, the SNR deterioration caused by the amplifier is ~1.0dB. An SNR vs. Vb plot is shown in Fig. 20.6.5, where an SNR of 66.5dB is achieved at Vb=10V (the SNR drops by only ~1dB at a more conservative Vb of 8.5V). The same figure shows that using…

    • 1724 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Pll( Phase-Locked Loop)

    • 4892 Words
    • 20 Pages

    EEN 3096 Communication Electronics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our gratitude to all the people who gave us the chance to complete our report by providing help in various direct and indirect ways. Firstly we thank our lecturer, Dr Su Sandar Thwin, Mr Tiang Jun Jiat and Mr Aaras Y. Kraidi…

    • 4892 Words
    • 20 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Iaem

    • 6196 Words
    • 25 Pages

    The CA3140A and CA3140 are integrated circuit operational amplifiers that combine the advantages of high voltage PMOS transistors with high voltage bipolar transistors on a single monolithic chip. The CA3140A and CA3140 BiMOS operational amplifiers feature gate protected MOSFET (PMOS) transistors in the input circuit to provide very high input impedance, very low input current, and high speed performance. The CA3140A and CA3140 operate at supply voltage from 4V to 36V (either single or dual supply). These operational amplifiers are internally phase compensated to achieve stable operation in unity gain follower operation, and additionally, have access terminal for a supplementary external capacitor if additional frequency roll-off is desired. Terminals are also provided for use in applications requiring input offset voltage nulling. The use of PMOS field effect transistors in the input stage results in common mode input voltage capability down to 0.5V below the negative supply terminal, an important attribute for single supply applications. The output stage uses bipolar transistors and includes built-in protection against damage from load terminal short circuiting to either supply rail or to ground. The CA3140A and CA3140 are intended for operation at supply voltages up to 36V (±18V).…

    • 6196 Words
    • 25 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The microelectronics industry is continually striving to miniaturize conventional silicon-based electronic devices to provide higher performance technology that can be housed in smaller packaging.…

    • 329 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    cfa to vfa

    • 1757 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Analog design has historically been dominated by voltage mode signal processing. This is apparent in the electronics industry where the Voltage Feedback Amplifier (VFA) has become ubiquitous. The lesser-known Current Feedback Amplifier (CFA) has a fundamentally different architecture and offers significant performance advantages over the traditional VFA. The current feedback operational amplifier or CFB op-amp is a type of electronic amplifier whose inverting input is sensitive to current, rather than to voltage as in a conventional voltage-feedback (VFB) operational amplifier. They are usually produced with the same pin arrangements as VFB op-amps allowing the two types to be interchanged without rewiring when the circuit design allows. In simple configurations such as linear amplifiers a CFB op-amp can be used in place of a VFB op-amp with no circuit modifications but in other cases such as integrators a different circuit design is required. The current feedback amplifier (CFA) has the same ideal closed-loop equations as the voltage feedback amplifier (VFA), but the CFA offers three improvements when compared with the VFA. Generally, CFA’s cost is less per megahertz of bandwidth, and they don’t have the…

    • 1757 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Nano Electronics

    • 12331 Words
    • 50 Pages

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA Received April 26, 2010; Accepted May 3, 2010 Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology scaling has been a main key for continuous progress in silicon-based semiconductor industry over the past three decades. However, as the technology scaling enters nanometer regime, CMOS devices are facing many serious problems such as increased leakage currents, difficulty on increase of on-current, large parameter variations, low reliability and yield, increase in manufacturing cost, and etc. To sustain the historical improvements, various innovations in CMOS materials and device structures have been researched and introduced. In parallel with those researches, various new nanoelectronic devices, so called “Beyond CMOS Devices,” are actively being investigated and researched to supplement or possibly replace ultimately scaled conventional CMOS devices. While those nanoelectronic devices offer ultra-high density system integration, they are still in a premature stage having many critical issues such as high variations and deteriorated reliability. The practical realization of those promising technologies requires extensive researches from device to system architecture level. In this paper, the current researches and challenges on nanoelectronics are reviewed and critical tasks are summarized from device level to circuit design/CAD domain to better prepare for the forthcoming technologies. Keywords: Nanoscale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, Scaling, Small-geometry effects, Short channel effects, Silicon-on-insulator technology, Nanoelectronics…

    • 12331 Words
    • 50 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    power quality problems

    • 4257 Words
    • 18 Pages

    Power Quality Problems and New Solutions Abstract: In this paper, the main Power Quality (PQ) problems are presented with their associated causes and consequences. The economic impacts associated with PQ are characterized.…

    • 4257 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Power Shortage

    • 7489 Words
    • 30 Pages

    A condition that occurs in an electric power system when the total real or reactive power of the power plants in the system is insufficient to supply all consumers with electric power of the required quality.…

    • 7489 Words
    • 30 Pages
    Powerful Essays