Hemoglobin A1C Test
Starting off with your fasting glucose results, the regular range is between 4 to 6mmol/L. Depending on your last meal eaten before the test, it may be increased a little, but yours translates into about 10 mmol/L. Which is way above normal ranges. The Hemoglobin A1C test usually ranges between 4 to 5.6% but yours is 8.8%. The total cholesterol is above the normal range of 5.2, making it greater than normal. Triglycerides show that anything below 1.7 is desirable, indicating that a level of 5.5 mmol/L is again in the higher range. LDLs and HDLs are both poor levels for each. LDL the bad cholesterol being too high and the HDL the good cholesterol being too low. And lastly, your uric acid blood test can show the abnormal presence of glucose and
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The first is measuring the fasting cholesterol. In which we measure your levels after fasting for 8 hours. The levels should indicate equal or less than 7 mmols/L. Next we look at your symptoms of hyperglycemia such as; excessive thirst, urination and loss of weight. As well as, looking at casual plasma glucose levels that are equal or less than 11.1 mmol/L. Lastly, testing plasma glucose levels in a two hour period during an oral glucose tolerance test. Which is used to measure the body’s ability to use glucose, which is the body’s main source of energy.
3. Identify three functions of insulin.
Three ways in which insulin functions are it regulates the bodies blood sugar levels, it causes the cells in the liver, muscles and tissues to convert glucose from blood to glycogen that can be stored in the liver and muscles and insulin also prevents the use of fat as an energy source.
4. Describe the major pathophysiologic difference between type 1 and type 2 DM.
Type one is usually diagnosed in children and adolescents, its cause is unknown, is not preventable, and is not caused by eating too much sugar. It is a disease in which the body’s defence system attacks and destroys insulin-making beta …show more content…
What are some changes that Y.L. can make to reduce the risk or slow the progression of both macrovascular and microvascular disease?
Microvascular and macrovascular diseases can both be associated with diabetes, which can effect several organs including muscle, skin, brain and kidneys. Some common risk factors for you include; high blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, high amounts of lipids, hypertension, and obesity. Lowering intake of foods that are high in bad cholesterol and fats can be some ways to reduce the risk of high lipids and cholesterol. Exercising and lowering food intake can lower weight. Being on insulin injections can also help with excess glucose and insulin resistance. Exercising, having a healthy diet, losing weight, reducing sodium intake as well as alcohol consumption are all ways that can help reduce the risk of hypertension.
14. Given all of the information in the foregoing scenario, what DM-related complication do you believe Y.L. is most at risk for, and why?
Retinopathy is a complication in which it can effect the retina in the back of the eye. Blurry vision is a symptom of that and as you have expressed difficulty in reading and understanding numbers during your work hours, if not properly treated it can lead to
The first is measuring the fasting cholesterol. In which we measure your levels after fasting for 8 hours. The levels should indicate equal or less than 7 mmols/L. Next we look at your symptoms of hyperglycemia such as; excessive thirst, urination and loss of weight. As well as, looking at casual plasma glucose levels that are equal or less than 11.1 mmol/L. Lastly, testing plasma glucose levels in a two hour period during an oral glucose tolerance test. Which is used to measure the body’s ability to use glucose, which is the body’s main source of energy.
3. Identify three functions of insulin.
Three ways in which insulin functions are it regulates the bodies blood sugar levels, it causes the cells in the liver, muscles and tissues to convert glucose from blood to glycogen that can be stored in the liver and muscles and insulin also prevents the use of fat as an energy source.
4. Describe the major pathophysiologic difference between type 1 and type 2 DM.
Type one is usually diagnosed in children and adolescents, its cause is unknown, is not preventable, and is not caused by eating too much sugar. It is a disease in which the body’s defence system attacks and destroys insulin-making beta …show more content…
What are some changes that Y.L. can make to reduce the risk or slow the progression of both macrovascular and microvascular disease?
Microvascular and macrovascular diseases can both be associated with diabetes, which can effect several organs including muscle, skin, brain and kidneys. Some common risk factors for you include; high blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, high amounts of lipids, hypertension, and obesity. Lowering intake of foods that are high in bad cholesterol and fats can be some ways to reduce the risk of high lipids and cholesterol. Exercising and lowering food intake can lower weight. Being on insulin injections can also help with excess glucose and insulin resistance. Exercising, having a healthy diet, losing weight, reducing sodium intake as well as alcohol consumption are all ways that can help reduce the risk of hypertension.
14. Given all of the information in the foregoing scenario, what DM-related complication do you believe Y.L. is most at risk for, and why?
Retinopathy is a complication in which it can effect the retina in the back of the eye. Blurry vision is a symptom of that and as you have expressed difficulty in reading and understanding numbers during your work hours, if not properly treated it can lead to