Diabetes Type 2 Research Paper

The Ins and Outs of Diabetes Mellitus Type One and Two
Ana P. Pesqueira
Lonestar College Montgomery
Abstract
This paper will discuss and inform readers on the disease diabetes. There are two types of diabetes that affect human beings, Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus, in this paper the term diabetes will refer to diabetes mellitus. It will touch down on what causes diabetes and the symptoms that those with diabetes possess. The two type of diabetes, type 1 and type 2 will be explained thoroughly and in detail. It will deliberate how the disease is treated and managed. As well as the risk factors that come with being a diabetic.
The Ins and Outs of Diabetes Mellitus Type One and Two
Diabetes is a well know disease, but one
Typically there are a few tests a doctor can perform to diagnose you. The first is called an A1C test, this tests the blood glucose from the last 2 to 3 months, this test is preferred because no fasting is necessary. Anything that comes back less than 5.7% A1C is normal, anything between 5.7% and 6.4% A1C is considered pre diabetes and anything that is greater than 6.5% A1C is diabetes. The second test is the Fasting Plasma Glucose, or FPG, this test is done after fasting (normally eight hours of no eating or drinking, besides water). If the results come back with anything less than 100 mg/dl it is considered normal, if it is between 100 mg/dl and 125 mg/dl they say the patient is pre diabetic and anything that is higher than 126 ml/dl is full blown diabetes. Also used is the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test or the OGTT, this test checks the blood glucose levels before as well as two hours after drinking a special sugary drink that determines how your body processes sugar. With this test, 140 mg/dl or less is normal, 140 mg/dl to 199 mg/dl is pre diabetes and 200 mg/dl or higher is diabetes. Last is the Random Plasma Glucose Test where the blood is checked and anything higher than 200 mg/dl is considered diabetic (Diagnosing Diabetes, 2014). Out of those who are diagnosed with prediabetes, about “25% of subjects deteriorate
Both types do have to constantly check their blood glucose levels. This is done by pricking the finger with a lancet and depositing the blood onto a test strip which is then read by a meter that revels the blood glucose level. Only about five percent of people diagnosed with diabetes have type 1. With that type, the glucose build up is caused by a lack of insulin, meaning that the body is producing little to none. This type of diabetes was once called “insulin dependent diabetes and is commonly found in children (Clavell, 2009, p. 10). These patients must be frequently injected with insulin to maintain their blood glucose levels, they do this with a syringe or an insulin pump (Clavell, 2009, p. 150-154). The number of those who have type 2 diabetes are much higher. About 95% of adults 20 years old, or older, have type 2 diabetes. With type 2, there is still a buildup of blood glucose, but this time the body is producing insulin, only the cells have become immune to it. It is not clear why they become immune, but studies have determined that excess weight and fatty tissue are both big factors (Clavell, 2009, p. 11). That is to say, most people who develop type 2 diabetes are severely over weight, and therefore more typical in adults. It is not as common for these people to be insulin dependent, although it is not