Child Labour
MINISTRY OF THE EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
UNIVERSITY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Department of International Programs
Chair of Management
The course “Organization of Business”
TERM PAPER
ON TOPIC “The causes and consequences of Child Labour”
Developed by: Busygina Mariya,
Student ID # ___15123_______ major “Management”, the group # 10.115
Submitted to : Aigul E Kazhenova, MA
Senior lecturer
Almaty, 2013
Content:
* Introduction…………………………………………………………………………3 * Chapter1 * Characteristics of Child Labour * Origin of child labour * Magnitude of child labour * Major sectors where children work * Chapter2 * The causes and consequences of child * Child labour in the modern world * Forms of child labour * Action against child labour * Child labour laws
* Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..23 * References…………………………………...………………………………………24
Introduction:
Child labor is a serious problem in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. Labor is defined as physical or mental work especially of the hard or tiring kind. Child labor usually means work that is done by children under the age of 15, which restricts or damages their physical, emotional, intellectual, social, or spiritual growth as children. The International Labor organization estimates that there are 250 million children worldwide, between the ages of 5 and 14, who are now working. Africa and Asia together account for over 90 percent of total child employment. Child labor is especially common in the rural areas of these countries. Usually there are no age requirements for schooling or for work. There are many reasons that these children work: poverty, lack of education, lack of knowledge of one’s rights and cultural tradition are all contributing factors. These
UNIVERSITY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Department of International Programs
Chair of Management
The course “Organization of Business”
TERM PAPER
ON TOPIC “The causes and consequences of Child Labour”
Developed by: Busygina Mariya,
Student ID # ___15123_______ major “Management”, the group # 10.115
Submitted to : Aigul E Kazhenova, MA
Senior lecturer
Almaty, 2013
Content:
* Introduction…………………………………………………………………………3 * Chapter1 * Characteristics of Child Labour * Origin of child labour * Magnitude of child labour * Major sectors where children work * Chapter2 * The causes and consequences of child * Child labour in the modern world * Forms of child labour * Action against child labour * Child labour laws
* Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..23 * References…………………………………...………………………………………24
Introduction:
Child labor is a serious problem in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. Labor is defined as physical or mental work especially of the hard or tiring kind. Child labor usually means work that is done by children under the age of 15, which restricts or damages their physical, emotional, intellectual, social, or spiritual growth as children. The International Labor organization estimates that there are 250 million children worldwide, between the ages of 5 and 14, who are now working. Africa and Asia together account for over 90 percent of total child employment. Child labor is especially common in the rural areas of these countries. Usually there are no age requirements for schooling or for work. There are many reasons that these children work: poverty, lack of education, lack of knowledge of one’s rights and cultural tradition are all contributing factors. These
References: Psacharopoulos, G. (1997), „Child labor versus education attainment: Some evidence from Latin America‟, Journal of Population Economics 10, 377-386. Ravallion, M., and Wodon, Q. (2000), „Does child labour displace schooling? Evidence on behavioural responses to an enrollment subsidy‟, The Economic Journal 110, C158-C175. Ray, R. (2000a), „Analysis of child labor in Peru and Pakistan: A comparative study‟, Journal of Population Economics 13, 3-19. Ray, R. (2000b), „Child labor, child schooling, and their interaction with adult labor: Empirical evidence for Peru and Pakistan‟, The World Bank Economic Review 14, 347-365. Schultz, T.P. (2004), „School subsidies for the poor: evaluating the Mexican Progresa poverty program‟, Journal of Development Economics 74, 199-250. Swaminathan, M. (1998), „Economic growth and the persistence of child labor: Evidence from an Indian city‟, World Development 26, 1513-1528. Zacharias, A. and Vakulabharanam, V. (2009), „Caste and wealth inequality in India‟, The Levy