Chap 3
MAKING PLANNING EFFECTIVE “Ano man ang gawa’t pag dinali-dali, Ay hindi iigi ang pagkakayari” Planning and the Management Process
Planning is the basic process we use to select our goals and determine how to achieve them. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, who is to do it and how to measure performance (Hick and Gullet, 1976). Peter Drucker’s distinction between effectiveness – doing the right things—and efficiency—doing things right. Before managers can organize, lead or control, they must make the plans that gives purpose and direction to the organization.
Plans and Decision Making Managers who develop plans but do not commit themselves to action are simply wasting time. Ideas that are not accompanied by definite ways to utilize them have no practical effect. “Replanning” can sometimes be the key factor leading to ultimate success. An important aspect of planning is decision making, the process of developing and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem.
The Four Basic Steps in Planning Planning is quite straightforward and be can condensed into four basic steps. These four planning steps can be adapted to all planning activities at all organizational levels.
1. Establish a goal or set of goals 3. Identify the aids and barriers to the goals
2. Define the present situation 4. Develop a plan or set of actions for reaching the goal (s)
Operational Plans Within an organization, plans are arranged in a hierarchy that parallels the organization’s structure. At each level, plans serve two functions: (1) they provide the objectives to be met by plans at the lower level; and (2) they in turn provide the means for achieving the objectives set in the plans of the next higher level.
Types of Plan:
Strategic plans – designed to meet the broad objectives of the organization – to implement the mission that provides the unique reason for the organization’s existence.
Operational plans –
Planning is the basic process we use to select our goals and determine how to achieve them. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, who is to do it and how to measure performance (Hick and Gullet, 1976). Peter Drucker’s distinction between effectiveness – doing the right things—and efficiency—doing things right. Before managers can organize, lead or control, they must make the plans that gives purpose and direction to the organization.
Plans and Decision Making Managers who develop plans but do not commit themselves to action are simply wasting time. Ideas that are not accompanied by definite ways to utilize them have no practical effect. “Replanning” can sometimes be the key factor leading to ultimate success. An important aspect of planning is decision making, the process of developing and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem.
The Four Basic Steps in Planning Planning is quite straightforward and be can condensed into four basic steps. These four planning steps can be adapted to all planning activities at all organizational levels.
1. Establish a goal or set of goals 3. Identify the aids and barriers to the goals
2. Define the present situation 4. Develop a plan or set of actions for reaching the goal (s)
Operational Plans Within an organization, plans are arranged in a hierarchy that parallels the organization’s structure. At each level, plans serve two functions: (1) they provide the objectives to be met by plans at the lower level; and (2) they in turn provide the means for achieving the objectives set in the plans of the next higher level.
Types of Plan:
Strategic plans – designed to meet the broad objectives of the organization – to implement the mission that provides the unique reason for the organization’s existence.
Operational plans –
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