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Ancient Geography: The Cassiterides

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Ancient Geography: The Cassiterides
Ancient geography
The Cassiterides, meaning Tin Islands (from the Greek word for tin: Κασσίτερος/Kassiteros), are an ancient geographical name of islands that were regarded as situated somewhere near the west coasts of Europe. The traditional assumption, ignoring Strabo, is that Cassiterides refer to Great Britain, based on the significant tin deposits in Cornwall.

Herodotus (430 BC) had only dimly heard of the Cassiterides, "from which we are said to have our tin," but did not discount the islands as legendary.[3] Later writers — Posidonius, Diodorus Siculus,[4] Strabo[5] and others — call them smallish islands off ("some way off," Strabo says) the northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula, which contained tin mines or, according to Strabo, tin and lead mines. A passage in Diodorus derives the name rather from their nearness to the tin districts of Northwest Iberia. Ptolemy and Dionysios Periegetes mentioned them — the former as ten small islands in Northwest Iberia far off the coast and arranged symbolically as a ring, and the latter in connection with the mythical Hesperides.
Probably written in the first century BC, the verse Circumnavigation of the World,
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Fenicjanie i Kartagińczycy sprowadzali stąd głównie cynę (plumbum album). Jej główne złoża występowały w starożytności, podobnie jak dziś, na wybrzeżu Kornwalii i wyspach stanowiących jej przedłużenie, słynnych „Wyspach Cynowych” (insulae Cassiterides). W środkowych rejonach wyspy obficie występuje żelazo, którego złoża powierzchniowe eksploatowali Brytowie, a z głębokich kopalni wydobywali je Rzymianie. Rzymianie też rozpoczęli eksploatację bogatych pokładów miedzi, które występują głównie na terenie dzis. Kornwalii, Cardigenshire i Anglesey w pobliżu Llandundo. Góry Walii były natomiast terenami złotodajnymi kopano tam też srebro. Tacyt mówi po prostu: „Brytania dostarcza złota, srebra i innych metali, które są nagrodą za

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