Adult Health Study Guide
NS 3205
Study Guide for Final Exam
Chapter 42 Care of Patients with Hematologic Problems
1. Identify the etiologies and clinical manifestations common to all types of anemia. (See Table 42-1 p 870 and Chart 42-1 p 871) Common Cause Sickle cell disease: autosomal recessive inheritance of two defective gene alleles for hemoglobin synthesis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency anemia: X-linked recessive deficiency of enzyme G6PD Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: abnormal immune function in which a person’s immune reactive cells fail to recognize his or her own red blood cells as self cells Iron deficiency anemia: Inadequate iron intake caused by: iron deficient diet, chronic alcoholism, malabsorption syndromes and partial gastrecromy. Rapid metabolic (anabolic) activity caused by: pregnancy, adolescence and infection Vitamine B12 deficiency anemia: dietary deficiency, failure to absorb vitamin b12 from intestinal tract as a result of: partial gastrectomy, pernicious anemia, malabsorption syndromes Folic acide deficiency anemia: dietary deficiency, malabsorption sndromes Drugs: oral contraceptives, anticonvulsants, methotrexate Aplastic anemia: exposure to myelotoxic agents: radiation, benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, sulfonamides and insecticides. Viral infection (unproven): Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and cytomegalovirus. Manifestations: Integumentary manifestation: -pallor, especially of the ears, the nail beds, the palmar creases, the conjunctivae, and around the Mouth - Cool to the touch - Intolerance of cold temperatures - Nails become brittle and may lose the normal convex shape; over time, mails become concave and figures assume clublike appearance. Cardivascular manifestations: - Tachycardia at basal activity levels, increasing with activity and during and immediately after meals - Murmurs and gallops heard on auscultation when
Study Guide for Final Exam
Chapter 42 Care of Patients with Hematologic Problems
1. Identify the etiologies and clinical manifestations common to all types of anemia. (See Table 42-1 p 870 and Chart 42-1 p 871) Common Cause Sickle cell disease: autosomal recessive inheritance of two defective gene alleles for hemoglobin synthesis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency anemia: X-linked recessive deficiency of enzyme G6PD Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: abnormal immune function in which a person’s immune reactive cells fail to recognize his or her own red blood cells as self cells Iron deficiency anemia: Inadequate iron intake caused by: iron deficient diet, chronic alcoholism, malabsorption syndromes and partial gastrecromy. Rapid metabolic (anabolic) activity caused by: pregnancy, adolescence and infection Vitamine B12 deficiency anemia: dietary deficiency, failure to absorb vitamin b12 from intestinal tract as a result of: partial gastrectomy, pernicious anemia, malabsorption syndromes Folic acide deficiency anemia: dietary deficiency, malabsorption sndromes Drugs: oral contraceptives, anticonvulsants, methotrexate Aplastic anemia: exposure to myelotoxic agents: radiation, benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, sulfonamides and insecticides. Viral infection (unproven): Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and cytomegalovirus. Manifestations: Integumentary manifestation: -pallor, especially of the ears, the nail beds, the palmar creases, the conjunctivae, and around the Mouth - Cool to the touch - Intolerance of cold temperatures - Nails become brittle and may lose the normal convex shape; over time, mails become concave and figures assume clublike appearance. Cardivascular manifestations: - Tachycardia at basal activity levels, increasing with activity and during and immediately after meals - Murmurs and gallops heard on auscultation when