13A Cells and movement of materials P1 P2 M1 D1
13A – Cells and Movement of Materials
P1: Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the main function of the cells components
The microstructure of a typical animal cell is made up of various components, all of which play a vital role within the body. Each component has its own specific role that it performs in order for the cell to function and maintains the cell membrane. The main components of the cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, the nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER and rough ER), mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes and vacuoles.
a) The cell membrane – The cell membrane otherwise known as the plasma membrane is located on the surface of a typical animal cell. The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and is a selectively permeable membrane that allows substances to pass in and out of the cell. This selectively permeable membrane means that only water, gases and other nutrients are able to pass through whilst keeping toxins out. The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane aids in the protection of the cell, as it helps to control the movement of particles that pass in and out of the cell. The structure of the phospholipid is made up of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
b) Cytoplasm – The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that is clear in colour made up of 80% water and also contains enzymes, salts, organelles and other organic molecules. It consists of all the contents outside of the nucleus and is encased within the cell membrane. The cytoplasm aids in moving materials around the cell, and is a solvent that allows nutrients and waste products within it to dissolve. The organelles inside of the cell are suspended in the fluid which is contained in the cell, otherwise known as cytosol. Cytoplasm contains molecules which aids in breaking down waste, and is responsible of metabolic activity.
c) Nucleus – The nucleus is bound by a double membrane, also known as the
P1: Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the main function of the cells components
The microstructure of a typical animal cell is made up of various components, all of which play a vital role within the body. Each component has its own specific role that it performs in order for the cell to function and maintains the cell membrane. The main components of the cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, the nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER and rough ER), mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes and vacuoles.
a) The cell membrane – The cell membrane otherwise known as the plasma membrane is located on the surface of a typical animal cell. The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and is a selectively permeable membrane that allows substances to pass in and out of the cell. This selectively permeable membrane means that only water, gases and other nutrients are able to pass through whilst keeping toxins out. The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane aids in the protection of the cell, as it helps to control the movement of particles that pass in and out of the cell. The structure of the phospholipid is made up of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
b) Cytoplasm – The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that is clear in colour made up of 80% water and also contains enzymes, salts, organelles and other organic molecules. It consists of all the contents outside of the nucleus and is encased within the cell membrane. The cytoplasm aids in moving materials around the cell, and is a solvent that allows nutrients and waste products within it to dissolve. The organelles inside of the cell are suspended in the fluid which is contained in the cell, otherwise known as cytosol. Cytoplasm contains molecules which aids in breaking down waste, and is responsible of metabolic activity.
c) Nucleus – The nucleus is bound by a double membrane, also known as the
References: Bailey, R. (2014). Cell Model and Structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum. [online] About. Available at: http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/ss/endoplasmic-reticulum.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Bailey, R. (2014). Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Cell Membranes. [online] About. Available at: http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/ss/cell-membrane.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Bailey, R. (2014). Spread Out and Make Yourself Comfortable with Diffusion. [online] About. Available at: http://biology.about.com/od/cellularprocesses/ss/diffusion_3.htm [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014]. Bailey, R. (2014). What Are Lysosomes, and What 's Their Function in Your Body?. [online] About. Available at: http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/a/aa012408a.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Bailey, R. (2014). What Is the Structure and Function of the Nucleus?. [online] About. Available at: http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/p/nucleus.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Bailey, R. (2014). What You Should Know About Mitrochondria. [online] About. Available at: http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/ss/mitochondria.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Bailey, R. (2014). What 's the Role of a Cell 's Cytoplasm?. [online] About. Available at: http://biology.about.com/od/biologydictionary/g/cytoplasm.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Bailey, R. (2014). Why Ribosomes Are Essential. [online] About. Available at: http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/p/ribosomes.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2014]. Biology-online.org, (2014). Osmotic Potential - definition from Biology-Online.org. [online] Available at: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Osmotic_Potential [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014]. E., S. (2014). French, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Math Tutor - New York, NY Tutor (10028). [online] Wyzant.com. Available at: http://www.wyzant.com/Tutors/NY/New_York/7664066/ [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014]. Encyclopedia Britannica, (2014). liquid (state of matter) :: Physical properties of liquids. [online] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/343026/liquid/51873/Physical-properties-of-liquids [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014]. Princeton.edu, (2014). Active transport. [online] Available at: http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Active_transport.html [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014]. Sv.vt.edu, (2014). Diffusion and the Human Body. [online] Available at: http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE2034_NoteBook/MSE2034_kriz_NoteBook/diffusion/apps/body.html [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014]. Whatis.techtarget.com, (2014). What is gas? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/gas [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014]. wiseGEEK, (2014). What Are Phospholipids? (with picture). [online] Available at: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-phospholipids.htm [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014]. wiseGEEK, (2014). What Is Membrane Permeability? (with pictures). [online] Available at: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-membrane-permeability.htm [Accessed 2 Oct. 2014].