Contents: Introduction 2 1. History 3 2. Native words 4 3. Influence of other languages
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Duchess. Earldom The rank or title of an earl or the territory governed by an earl. Shire A county. Hundred A smaller subdivision of a county or shire. Hide A former measure of land used in England‚ typically equal to between 60 and 120 acres Danelaw The name given to the part of England where the laws of the "Danes" were in place and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxon Homage The ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord‚ receiving in exchange
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Anglo-Saxons invasion  The Angle‚ Saxon‚ and Jute tribes who invaded Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries are known as the Anglo-Saxons. They left their homelands in northern Germany‚ Denmark and northern Holland and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats. Historians are not sure why the Anglo-Saxons came to Britain. It may have been because their land often flooded and it was difficult to grow crops‚ so they were looking for new places to settle down and farm. Some sources say that Saxon
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in accordance with which the territory of the country was subdivided into two parts: the south-western part remained English under the rule of King Alfred and the north-eastern part was to be Scandinavian. That part was referred to as Danela or Danelaw‚ i.e. the territory which was under the rale of Scandinavians‚ or "Danes". The
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the 1150s and 1160s‚ when Henry II of England established the secular English tribunals. The "common law" was the law that emerged as "common" throughout the realm (as distinct from the various legal codes that preceded it‚ such as Mercian law‚ the Danelaw and the law of Wessex)[43] as the king’s judges followed each other’s decisions to create a unified common law throughout England. The doctrine of precedent developed during the 12th and 13th centuries‚[44] as the collective judicial decisions that
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Early inhabitants of Britain: The Celts: A series of invasions began about the year 1000 B.C. And continued until the opening of the Christian era. The Celts invaded Britain and dominated the native peoples‚ merging with then but firmly establishing their own language and civilization. They brought to Britain a renewed interest in agriculture together with the age of iron. The last Celtic invaders were the tribes of the Belgae‚ who settled in south-eastern Britain. Their advanced agriculture‚
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SUMMARY HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHAPTER 3 : OLD ENGLISH * Old English is a first English language that spoken by Germanic tribes ( Anglo ‚ Saxons ‚ Jutes‚ Frisians ) from 450 S until 1150 S. (The period which full inflection because during most of this period the endings of the noun‚ the verb and the adjective are preserved more or less unimpaired) * Old English has 4 main dialects => Northumbrian ‚ Mercian ‚ West Saxon ‚ Kentish Northumbrian & Mercian are found in the region
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Essex‚ Wessex‚ Kent‚ East Anglia‚ Mercia‚ North Umbria; most important: Wessex (capital Winchester) -> 871 " 899 Alfred the Great; supported learning‚ founded schools‚ great navy; Christianity; in 878 he defeated the Danes‚ they retreated to the "Danelaw" (NE parts of England). England grew rich and strong under Alfred’s descendants‚ who unified the kingdoms. Anglo-Saxon names: -ham (village)‚ -hurst (wood)‚ -ey (island); Danish settlement: -by (town)‚ -thorpe (settlement)‚ -garth (enclosure) about
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The impact of the new wealth brought by Viking raids and payoffs such as the Danegeld had noticeable effects on the gap of authority between Scandinavian kings and their petty chieftain counterparts. The conflict between these parties played out across the Scandinavian world‚ however‚ two apparent examples are the rise of the Gorm and Fairhair dynasties. Wealth from raids and tribute across the targets in Britain and Frankia‚ and funneled back to the treasuries of Scandinavian kings which elevated
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Lection N 1 The formation of the English Nation and the English Language. 1. Celtic invasion and its influence. 2. Roman invasion and its influence. 3. Anglo-Saxon invasion and its influence. 4. The spread of Christianity. 5. Danish invasion and its influence. 6. Norman invasion and its influence. 7. The formation of the English language. Different borrowings. 1. During the period from the 6th to the 3rd century B.C. a people called the Celts spread across Europe from the
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