Theory Summary This is an outline and summary of three of the most prominent ethical theories in the history of philosophy. (Note that all three of these represent different ethical absolutist/universalist theories. A view known as ethical relativism follows these.) Please take this as a sketch that invites you to investigate these ethical theories further. After each brief sketch‚ I will provide some web links that will be helpful to read. Virtue Ethics (especially Aristotle) From
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SSH 105 – Critical Thinking Fall 2013 Prof. Andrew Hunter When studying for the quiz‚ you should review the following material: Chapter One (of The Power of Critical Thinking) Chapter Two (of The Power of Critical Thinking) You should also review the PowerPoint lecture slides. These are available on Blackboard. Your own notes from the lectures and the tutorial. You should try the exercises at the end of each chapter. There are solutions for some of these at the end
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Peter the PandererSusan Phillips National American University Peter the PandererIn this political speech I have identified the arguments and non-arguments‚ facts and non-facts‚ statements that are subjective‚ and the statements that are relativist ("The Basic Concepts of Critical Thinking‚" 2013). The arguments I identified would be in these statements that support final claims. The fifth paragraph shows an argument “our community endured the same hard times.” The supporting statement would
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universal themes‚ suggesting that there is some “shared understanding” in the world. Postmodernists would reject this idea of any universality and claim that everything was subjective. Postmodernists can be summed up as an expression of the individual’s subjective perception of the relativistic world. The idea of “relativism” is particularly important for the Postmodernist wants to show that knowledge and Truth depend on perception. Some will argue that neither really exist. Postmodernists always
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The scientific method was developed and utilized by people who were committed Churchmen centuries before the relativism of Descartes‚ or the skepticism of Hume. Scholars‚ such as St. Albert the Great‚ Rogen Bacon‚ and countless others‚ slowly developed many of the techniques of natural science.^13^ Centuries before the pessimistic theology of the Reformers‚ the relativism and skepticism of contemporary philosophers‚ Aristotle arrived at a natural understanding of God and Catholic scientists
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Normative ethical subjectivism is an ethical stance that attempts to specify circumstances under which an action is morally right or wrong using four distinct arguments that try to prove this claim. Normative ethical subjectivism claims that an act is morally right if‚ and only if‚ the person judging the action approves of it. Stemming form this view on ethics a normative ethical theory has been made. An ethical theory is a theory of what is right and wrong. This stance on ethics is the opposite
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In Chapter 1 of The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down‚ Fadiman demonstrates cultural relativism towards the Hmong culture by including very detailed history‚ facts and procedures found in Hmong culture. When explaining the long process of pregnancy and birth in Hmong culture‚ she does not make and claims for or against these rituals. She does not compare the cultures rituals to another culture. Fadiman simply states facts and explains the steps it takes for a woman to give birth to a child. She
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References: Center for Consumer Freedom. (2005). PETA Kills Animals – and It ’s a Felony. Retrieved on March 29‚ 2007 from http://www.consumerfreedom.com/news_detail.cfm/headline/2833 Center for Consumer Freedom Craig‚ E. (1998). Relativism. In E. Craig (Ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routlege. Retrieved March 30‚ 2007 from http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/S056. Center for Consumer Freedom. (2007). Motivation PETA. Retrieved on April 2‚ 2007 from http://www
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Part I. INTRODUCTION CONCEPTS Definition. What is Philosophy? There are a number of definitions of philosophy given by many thinkers and they vary according to their interests and orientations. Generally‚ philosophy is regarded as perhaps the most obstruse and abstract of all subjects that seems apart from ordinary life. Although quiet a number of people may think of it as a being remote from every normal interest‚ it may be inferred that all of us have some philosophical views‚ whether we are
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Correct Thinking and Behavior based in Rome‚ Italy. b. the school of ethical universalism. c. integrated social contracts theory. d. the Global Code of Ethical and Social Morality developed by the United Nations. e. the school of ethical relativism. 11. Which one of the following is not a key element of integrated social contracts theory? Select one: a. Universal ethical principles apply in those situations where most all societies—endowed with rationality and moral knowledge—have common
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