sections. The first section discusses critical and critical tourism theory tracing the development in tourism research over the years. The second section is based the research methodologies starting from the philosophies or assumption (positivism and interpretivism) that influence the choice of methodology used in any study. The section is further subdivided into two subsections (qualitative and quantitative) providing a detailed evaluating of each research methodology‚ the research methods used in
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Interpretivism Three Forms of Interpretivism Interpretivism has formed many of the above critiques of naturalism. Interpretivism rests upon idealism. Idealism holds the view that the world is the creation of mind; the world is interpreted through the mind; e.g.‚ classificatory schemes (such as the classificatory scheme of species into mammals‚ insects‚ birds‚ etc.‚ or of the human population into caucasians‚ negroids and mongoloids). Given this‚ we cannot know the ‘true’ nature of the object
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Outline the Assumptions and Methods of Interpretivist and Positivist Approaches to Research. Most philosophical studies are concerned with problems such as reality‚ knowledge‚ human behaviour and existence. Positivism and Interpretativism originated from philosophical disciplines in order to explain phenomena and clarify ideas on reality‚ knowledge‚ human behaviour and existence. This essay will outline in parallel the Positivists’ and the Interpretivists’ assumptions on ontology‚ epistemology
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individuals‚ will be proposed from different aspects and perspectives respectively. 2.Emile Durkheim’s theory and method regarding social behavior Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) is a French sociologist and one of the key thinkers of early positivism. Positivism is an epistemological approach，Which applies the scientific method to
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in anthropology and history. Research in mathematical sciences such as physics is also ’quantitative’ by definition‚ though this use of the term differs in context. In the social sciences‚ the term relates to empirical methods‚ originating in both philosophical positivism and the history of statistics‚ which contrast with qualitative research methods. Qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied‚ and any more general conclusions are only hypotheses. Quantitative methods can be used
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secondary sources of data Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of using primary and secondary sources in a research project lbic.navitas.com navitas.com Review on Research Philosophies Main Research Philosophies 1. Positivism 2. Interpretivism 3. Realism lbic.navitas.com navitas.com Mary’s Example Mary decided to conduct a research project on stress at work and its effects on employees. She could choose different ways to approach this research: An experiment exploring
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Methodology Introduction The aim of this chapter is to present and discuss the methodology applied to the research of this dissertation. It has been identified in the literature review that there is still a lack of data regarding festival experience and the underlying motives behind attending a festival. In order to gain a deeper insight into festival attendee motives the researcher will focus on the popular Tomorrowland Festival to identify the motivations of attendees and how the overall production
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“Sociology cannot and should not be a science”. To what extent do sociological arguments and evidence support this view? This statement‚ stating that sociology is not a science‚ is debated throughout sociology by two theoretical positions; positivism and interpretivism. The Positivist theory is based on the idea that explanations for events or people should be based on empirical scientific methods. They see the world as full of testable realities and use quantitative methods to try and support their theories
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research design. There are four sets of assumptions concerning the knowledge claims; post-positivism‚ constructivism‚ advocacy/participatory‚ and pragmatism (Creswell‚ 2003). .However‚ most ongoing social research is based on two major approaches‚ positivism and interpretivism. Positivism is the oldest and most widely used approach. It is broadly defined as the approach of natural sciences. In contrast to positivism‚ interpretive researchers see that the goal of social research is to develop an understanding
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Focus groups are a prominent method of enquiry‚ regularly used within the field of social science and in particular‚ qualitative research. The focus group practice involves a number of participants having an open discussion on a specific topic‚ set by a researcher. The researcher acts as a moderator to aid discussion by using probes to collect desirable data. This process is recorded and transcripts are used to interpret and analyse given information. Carson et al (2001‚ p.114) refers to focus
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