Excretions by a plant are substances left over from respiratory processes that cannot be used by the plant. They are also chemicals or toxins that are taken in by the root system up into the body of the plant and are stored in old and unused xylem or phloem passages. These excretions were first brought up somewhere around the mid eighties and have discrepancy to whether or not they exist still today. Some people that don’t believe in this theory are most likely nonbelievers partially due to logic
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the palisade parenchyma. In order to obtain food‚ it is controlled by the stoma which controls the passage of gas and water. b) Water and food is transported through the xylem. The water will eventually be transported to the leaf tissue while the phloem carries nutrients from the leaf tissue to the rest of the plant. This process is able to carry out due to bulk flow which happens because of turgor pressure. Water is eventually lost by a process known as transpiration‚ where water is evaporated
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accumulation in climacteric fruit has received considerable attention‚ but little is known about this process in nonclimacteric fruit such as grapes. In grapevines‚ SUCproduced as a result of photosynthesis in the leaf is transported via the phloem to the berry (Swanson and Elshishiny‚ 1958)‚ where it is cleaved to Glc and Fru‚ which accumulate in roughly equal amounts (Kliewer‚ 1965).The accumulation of Fru and Glc commences only at véraison and continues throughout ripening. Invertase
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Synapomorphy- Is a trait that is found in certain groups of organisms that exists in no others. It is a homologues trait that exists in no others. Some synapomorphy are: lactation and fur in mammals. Monophyletic group- Consists of an ancestral population‚ all of its descendants and only those descendants. Paraphyletic- An evolutionary unit that includes an ancestral population and some‚ but not all of its descendants. They are not meaningful units in evolution. Polytomy- Term for internal
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through the production of carotenoids. Carotenoids are pigments produced by the chloroplast which have 40 carbons. Breakdown of these carotenoids occurs in a complex mechanism which produces ABA. The transport of ABA can occur in both xylem and phloem tissues. It can also be translocated through paranchyma cells. The movement of abscisic acid in plants does not exhibit polarity like auxins. ABA is capable of moving both up and down the stem. The various roles of ABA are Stimulates the closure
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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant native to the Americas. It possesses a large inflorescence (flowering head). The sunflower is named after its huge‚ fiery blooms‚ whose shape and image are often used to depict the sun. It has a rough‚ hairy stem‚ broad‚ coarsely toothed‚ rough leaves and circular heads of flowers. The heads consist of many individual flowers which mature into seeds‚ often in the hundreds‚ on a receptacle base. From the Americas‚ sunflower seeds were brought to Europe
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on biologists‚ plants are divided into four main groups: 1. Phylum Bryophyta 2. Phylum Pteridophytae 3. Phylum Angiosperms 4. Phylum Gymnosperms These four main groups were classified based on: The presence/absence of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem; transport of nutrients) The presence/absence of seeds Two types of plants 1. Non-Flowering Mosses (Bryophyta) Ferns (Pteridophytae) Gymnosperms 2. Flowering Angiosperms Monocotyledon Dicotyledon Vascular tissues and the seeds play a vital role
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water is slightly ionised‚ other polar molecules such as salts‚ sugars and amino acids will dissolve readily in water. This allows water to be used for the transportation of such substances (notably in the bloodstream of animals and the xylem and phloem vessels found in plants). Water can be used in this way to transport many substances: nutrients‚ excretory products (eg urea‚ ammonia)‚ hormones and digestive juices can all be transported by using water as a solvent. Molecules such as starch and
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Introduction Stomata are microscopic pores found on the epidermis of leaves. These allow material to pass in and out of the lead. The stomata are surrounded on both sides by guard cells. These guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata by swelling or contracting. The guard cells close the stomata when dehydrated‚ allowing the plant to conserve water. Most stomata are found on the bottom surface of leaves. The number of stomata on a leaf’s surface can tell you a lot about the plant
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case. When ready‚ it breaks open and spores are dispersed. Tuber formation in potatoes * Potatoes reproduce asexually by stem tubers. * They are swollen underground stems that grow from parent plant * Sucrose is transported in the phloem from the leaves into these underground stems that swell as they convert sucrose > starch. * Parent plant dies at end of growing season but tubers are left to survive over the winter. * Farmers dig em up and sell em. * Some are kept
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