References Agrawal‚ H.‚ Gunderson‚ J.‚ Holmes‚ B.‚ Lyons-Ruth‚ K. (2004) ‘Attachment Studies with Borderline Patients: A Review’ Harvard Review of Psychiatry‚ Volume 12‚ No. 2 Ainsworth‚ M. & Bell‚ S. (1970) ‘Attachment‚ exploration‚ and separation: Illustrated by the behaviour of one-year-olds in a strange situation’. Child Development‚ 41‚ 49-67. Ainsworth‚ M. D. S. (1973). ‘The development of infant-mother attachment’‚ in B. Cardwell & H. Ricciuti (Eds.). Review of child development research
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Outline and assess Marxist explanations of crime and deviance. In looking at the Marxist explanation of crime and deviance one must also look to the non-sociologist explanations and those of other different groups in order to come to an informed view of the subject. The non-sociologist definition of crime and deviance would be that deviance is uncommon behaviour‚ something that offends the morals or the majority of society‚ without being harmful or serious enough to be criminal. Whereas
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Attachment Theory (AT) is essential when determining the relationship between a caregiver and an infant and frequently drawn upon when assessing the “quality” of a relationship (Norton‚ 2003). Attachment to a caregiver is multifaceted and various factors play a role in the assessment of a relationship‚ therefore as a social workers it is critical we understand these factors and also recognize that all theories have their limitations. AT was a term developed by John Bowlby (1988) and was developed
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Attachment Theory John Bowlby was a psychoanalyst and has developed his knowledge and understanding into the theory of Attachment. Bowlby believed that children have been born programmed to form attachments which will help them survive; this is known as evolutionary attachments. Bowlby believed that all attachments are instinctive‚ he said that attachments are shown when the child is under conditions of feeling threatened‚ such as: separation‚ fear and insecurity. In 1969 and 1988 Bowlby suggested
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This essay will describe and evaluate Bowlby’s theory of attachment and maternal deprivation hypothesis. The essay will describe the two theories‚ weighing up the strengths and the weaknesses. It will include supporting research by Shaffer and Emerson‚ Ainsworth and Harlow‚ along with criticisms by Rutter. John Bowlby (1907-1990) was a child psychiatrist. He was psychoanalytically and medically trained. In 1945‚ after returning from serving in the armed forces medical service‚ he secured a position
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Attachment Theories: Bowlby and Winnicott I am particularly interested in attachment theories and ideas arising from objects theory namely Winnicott’s concepts of the transitional object and the “good enough mother”. Having two children‚ now aged 12 and 14 years old‚ I can see how the theories applied to them as babies and how it continues to be of significance now they are entering adolescence. It has also allowed me to understand relational patterns in my own life. I particularly like the recognition
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Attachment Theory The Attachment theory is focused on the relationships and bonds between people‚ particularly long-term relationships including those between a parent and child and between romantic partners. Attachment is an emotional bond to another person. Psychologist John Bowlby (1969‚ 1988) was the first attachment theorist‚ describing attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings." Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers
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Chris Livoti 3/5/13 IB Psychology Mrs. Urso John Bowlby is the pioneer of the attachment theory and worked with children who had been separated from their parents during World War 2. He observed that many of these children developed emotional problems‚ and he made the connection that the emotional problems stemmed from the separation from the mother. Bowlby was born in London to an upper class family‚ and would rarely see‚ and interact with his
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The social learning theory is based on operant conditioning which suggests that children learn to be aggressive by observing the behaviour of those around them‚ particularly the behaviour of significant others‚ such as parents or elder siblings. By seeing others being rewarded or punished for their behaviour‚ the child experiences vicarious reinforcement. From these models‚ children therefore learn about the nature of aggressive behaviour‚ the situations it is appropriate and its likely consequences
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Outline and Evaluate Two Theories of Relationship Formation (24 marks) Byrne and Clores Reward/Need Satisfaction theory states that we will become attracted to a partner based on how that person makes us feel. Mutual attraction will occur when each partner meets the others’ needs. Stimuli in our lives can usually be seen as rewarding or punishing‚ rewarding stimuli making us happy and punishing stimuli having the opposite effect. We can also be attracted to someone through association of events
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