16. In a solid‚ oxide ions are arranged in ccp. Cations A occupy one – sixth of the tetrahedral voids and cations B occupy one third of the octahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound? Solution: In ccp with each oxide there would be 2 tetrahedral voids and one octahedral voids 1/3rd octahedral voids is occupied by B and 1/6th tetrahedral void by A. Therefore the compound can be Illustration 17. In a crystalline solid‚ having formula AB2O4‚ oxide ions are arranged in cubic
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atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic compound Covalent: nonmetal & nonmetal Covalent bonds are shared; Ionic bonds are distributed Covalent bonds are stronger than Ionic bonds Ionic Compounds: Ionic compounds consist of positive and negative ions. The ions are held together by strong attractions between the oppositely charged ions‚ called ionic bonds Properties of ionic Compounds: The physical and chemical
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the electrodes. What is electrolysis? Ionic substances contain charged particles called ions. For example‚ lead bromide contains positively charged lead ions and negatively charged bromide ions. Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed (broken down) into simpler substances when an electric current is passed through them. For electrolysis to work‚ the ions must be free to move. Ions are free to move when an ionic substance is dissolved in water or when melted. For example
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change‚ the equilibrium position of the system will shift in a direction to minimize the effect of the change. Iron(III) ions and thiocyanate ions (NCS-) react in solution to produce thiocyanatoiron(III) (FeNCS2+)‚ a complex ion‚ according to the equation: Fe3+(aq) + NCS-(aq) à FeNCS2+(aq) Yellow colourless blood red The colour produced by the complex ion indicates the position of equilibrium. In this experiment‚ iron(III) chloride solution‚ potassium thiocyanate solution and
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enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a solid ionic crystal is broken into its ions in the gaseous state‚ at standard temperature and pressure. Because all the bonds in the ionic lattice are broken‚ it is an endothermic process‚ ∆H is positive. ’ The IB uses this definition. M+ (g) MX (s) + X- (g) or ’the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a solid ionic crystal is formed form its ions in the gaseous state‚ at standard temperature and pressure. Because all the bonds
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Chemical Bonds Go to http://www2.nl.edu/jste/bond.htm 1. What is an ion? An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons. 2. What type of bonds do oppositely charged ions form? Oppositely charged ions form ionic bonds. 3. A sodium ion is different than a sodium atom. It has a positive charge. How many protons and electrons does a sodium atom have? Number of protons 11; Number of electrons 18 How about a chlorine ion? Number of protons 17; Number of electrons 18 4. What type of bond form
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LAB#: 20 SKILL: Planning and Designing OBSERVATIONS: A student is given a small beaker containing an unknown salt‚ x. The salt is crystalline‚ deliquescent and colorless. The student is asked to perform test and observation on the salt to determine the cation and anion present. HYPOTHESIS: Perhaps by using the flame test or reacting salt x with NaOH‚ or NH4OH the cation could be distinguished by observing the color changes or solubility while reacting salt x with H2SO4 or a mixture of copper
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both metallic constituents as cations and non-metallic constituents as anions. In this experiment‚ you will analyze a known solution that contains the entire Group I cations—silver‚ lead‚ and mercury (I)—and an unknown solution to determine which ions are present and which are absent. II. DISCUSSION: The chlorides of Pb2+‚ Hg22+ and Ag+ are all insoluble in cold water. They can be removed as a group from solution by the addition of HCl. The reactions that occur are simple precipitations and
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Electrons max. * Orbit 3 = 8 Electrons max. * Must fill inner orbits before moving to next level * The electrons in the outer most energy orbit are called valence electrons * Valance shell contains the valence electrons Ion: * An ion is simply a regular atom that is charged * It gets charged when electrons are gained or loss * During a reaction‚ atoms prefer to look like their closest Noble Gas atom in their valence shell * The ionic charge is the charge of the
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covalent bonds. Each oxygen atom has two unpaired electrons and can form 2 covalent bonds. Covalent Bonding in water‚ H2O Ionic Bonding Ionic bonding is bonding in which there has been a transfer of electrons from one atom to another to produce ions. The substance is held together
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