Leann E. Dalton Professor Porcella PHI-160H-S01 November 22nd‚ 2017 Final Paper Outline: Aristotle vs. John Stuart Mill Approaches to Happiness Intro Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics and John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism establish different views on where an individual’s happiness comes from. Aristotle believes that happiness comes from virtue‚ while John Stuart Mill believes in the Greatest Happiness Principle‚ which states that pleasure and absence of pain are what make up someone’s happiness. Happiness
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Philosophers live and encourage others to live according to the rules of practical wisdom. Aristotle‚ Immanuel Kant‚ and Emmanuel Levinas were three philosophers who sorted out various ethical approaches. They investigated complex human actions and theorized what is the ethical thing to do. For instance‚ Aristotle contemplated the aim of human life‚ Kant observed duty and obligation from respect for the law‚ and Levinas examined one’s responsibility to the Other. These unique points of view offer
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It can be argued that what John Stuart Mill argues is indeed correctly thought out and the best application to having the freedom of doing an action if it doesn’t cause any harm to anyone else. Therefore‚ there is no just reason to stop someone from doing an action if it doesn’t affect you in a negative manner. The counter-argument is that every action that has be done affects all individuals be it directly or indirectly. Mill (1859) states that whatever society that has been established and doesn’t
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Despite several overlapping similarities between Aristotle and Kant on virtue ethics‚ there are fundamental differences between their view on the source of virtuous action. In this paper‚ I will argue‚ the underpinning behind each respectable view differs; as Aristotle believes virtuous action derives from choices lying in the mean whereas‚ Kant does not hold that virtuous action lies in the mean‚ but rather‚ holds they proceed from duty acting in accordance with universal principles. The fundamental
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essay The Subjection Of Women‚ John Stuart Mill‚ a nineteenth century English philosopher and women’s rights advocate‚ explains how women are equal to men in character and ability‚ but are not viewed this way in society. Though this article was written almost two hundred ago‚ the issues that Mill discussed are still relevant in the modern world. Mills argues ideas such as society’s view of women holding less importance in areas regarding work ethic and skill. Mill defends the argument that women
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property. In the work “The Second Treatise of Civil Government” written by John Locke‚ mankind’s natural rights are critically examined one by one. This essay aims to discuss whether John Stuart Mill’s harm principle that he mentions in “On Liberty” can be exercised while not violating the natural rights of mankind or not. First of all‚ in order to find out the consistency of Mill’s harm principle with Locke’s natural rights‚ briefly one should examine
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Utilitarianism is a standard ethical theory that claims the greatest moral action is the one that maximizes utility. This well-known consequentialist theory views that right or wrong depend on the consequences of an act and not the intentions or motives that produce the act .Ultimately‚ the purpose of the act should be one that maximizes utility and promotes a better world.For instance philosopher Bentham’s principle of utility is based on the idea that an action is right if it produces the greatest
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Immanuel Kant on Law and Justice To be moral living human beings there must be a guiding action. This action varies depending on the degree of obligation: law‚ rule or maxim. A law should promote and protect the common good. Above all‚ a law must be just and reasonable to follow. A rule is a prescribed guide for conduct or action that indicates how we ought to act to behave in certain situations. Rules are not strictly legislated but are nevertheless obligatory guidelines for actions. A maxim
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Mill’s Message from ‘On Liberty’ When people consider John Stuart Mill‚ they usually quote his views on the importance of the individual without looking deeper into his true message. Many believe him to be the poster child of individualism. They praise him for standing behind the ideal society in which the individual conducts a life doing what they are passionate about. However‚ what most they don’t tend to grasp is that Mill believed people should do things for their own self-interest‚
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knowledge‚” (CW‚ I.233) or‚ as he also calls it‚ “intuitionism‚” which was espoused in different ways by Kant‚ Reid‚ and their followers in Britain (e.g. Whewell and Hamilton). Though there are many differences among intuitionist thinkers‚ one “grand doctrine” that Mill suggests they all affirm is the view that “the constitution of the mind is the key to the constitution of external nature—that the laws of the human intellect have a necessary correspondence with the objective laws of the universe
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