University of London Common Law Reasoning and Institutions Essay Title: ‘Judicial precedent is best understood as a practice of the courts and not as a set of binding rules. As a practice it could be refined or changed by the courts as they wish.’ Student Number: 090500532 Candidate Number:L8000 The declaratory theory of English common law is that the function of the judge is to declare what has always been the correct legal position at common law. In carrying out this task judges
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The doctrine of judicial precedent is at the heart of the Common Law system of rights and duties. Judicial precedent is concerned with the major of case law in the common law system‚ it had been described as the legal experience from lawyer’s term. The term of ‘precedent’ there is an implication that what was done before should be done again and which mean a good guide to follow and trying to solve a problem is to see what examples exist where this or similar problems have been tackled before.
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develop the law through the operation of the doctrine of judicial precedent and in the interpretation of statutes. Discuss whether judges should be able to develop the law (30 marks+5marks for AO3) A French philosopher‚ Montesquieu‚ introduced the separation of powers theory in the 18th century. He aimed to prevent dictatorship by simply separating law-making power between the three branches‚ the executive‚ legislature and judiciary. Parliament are supposed to be the power that creates the law that the
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point I will explain the different ’levels’ there are in the English system. My second point is Stare Decisis and what it is. This point is made up of several questions that I will answer; why have binding precedent? What has to be followed? That is Obiter Dicta and Ratio Decidendi? What is persuasive precedent and who uses it and how it is used? When is a judge bound? Can the Stare Decisis be avoided? And lastly: How has Stare Decisis handicapped the development of the English law? The hierarchy
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[pic] [pic] Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 BID AND PREPARATIONS 3 COSTS 3 MARKETING 3 PARTICIPATING TEAMS 3 INTRODUCTION The 2010 Winter Olympics‚ officially the XXI Olympic Winter Games or the 21st Winter Olympics‚ was a major international multi-sport event held on February 12–28‚ 2010‚ in Vancouver‚ British Columbia‚ Canada‚ with some events held in the resort town of Whistler‚ Richmond‚ West
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the logical deductions of precedent‚ uninfluenced by political or career considerations. The eighteenth century legal commentator‚ William Blackstone‚ introduced the declaratory theory of law‚ stating that judges do not make law‚ but merely‚ by the rules of precedence‚ discover and declare the law that has always been: ’the judge being sworn to determine‚ not according to his private sentiments...not according to his own private judgement‚ but according to the known laws and customs of the land: not
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Common Law Reasoning and Institutions Question 1: “in practice the doctrine of precedent does not constrain judicial decision-making; activist judges can always creatively interpret previous cases to reach the outcome they desire.” Discuss. Answer: In considering whether the doctrine of precedent constrain activist judges like Lord Denning in making their decision‚ we should first examine the English legal system and how judicial precedents operates. The lowest court of law in England
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1) The sources of legislation that are binding in Scots law are: European Union UK Parliament Scottish Parliament The European Union (EU) is economic and political union which is located in Europe in Brussels. It consists of 785 members representing the 492 million citizens of the 27 Member States of The European Union. Countries which join EU are Austria‚ Bulgaria‚ Belgium‚ Czech Republic‚ Greece‚ Hungary‚ Portugal‚ Cyprus‚ Estonia‚ Luxembourg‚ Denmark‚ Finland‚ Slovakia‚ France‚ Italy
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The common law constitutes the basis of the legal systems of many other generally English-speaking countries or Commonwealth countries. Such as England‚ America‚ Australia‚ New Zealand‚ Malaysia‚ Singapore‚ Hong Kong and so on. The Australian political system is based upon elements of the British and American systems. In 1788‚ when Australia was first colonized‚ British applied the English law in Australia. In order to explain this issue‚ it is necessary to define the concept of ‘common law’‚ ‘doctrine’
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The Application of Precedent • The process: relevant circumstances in the present case; rule to be applied to the case must be discovered by examining previous similar cases (precedent); rule applied to the circumstances of present case. Example 1 • Considine v Shannon regional Fisheries Board [1994] Costello J: ‘principle of precedent is easy to state‚ but is difficult to apply in practice’ • The issue: after a not guilty verdict (acquittal) in the District Court‚ could an appeal could
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