H00101376 Process Intensification – B51GD Esterification and Polymerisation in PET production Process Overview Polyethylene terephthalate is a polymer with broad applications worldwide‚ and one of the most produced polymers manufactured globally each year. It main application is the bottling industry where approximately 14.7 Mt in 2009. PET resin is produced conventionally in a two - step process displayed in figure 1.9. The first stage is the esterification of Terephthalic acid (PTA) with Ethylene
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and it had a banana smell. Introduction Artificial flavoring is commonly used in the food that we eat today. For example‚ fruit flavoring is a chemical mixture that mimics a natural flavor as that of banana flavor from the synthesis of isoamyl acetate. Ester is the functional group‚ which is responsible for the distinctive odor and taste that artificial fruit flavoring has. Esters are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic acid contains the –COOH group‚ and in an ester the hydrogen in this
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Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to produce isopentyl acetate‚ banana oil. Acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol were used to synthesize isopentyl acetate. The techniques used for the separation and purification of isopentyl acetate were reflux‚ liquid-liquid extraction‚ neutralization and distillation. The identification of isopentyl acetate was based on boiling points and an infrared spectrum. This experiment resulted in a 11.68% yield. The reactants
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Isopentyl Acetate Synthesis Results: Crude % Yield Calculation Reaction: H2SO4 C2H4O2(aq) + C5H12O(aq) ----> C7H14O2(aq) + H2O(l) (1 mole of acetic acid reacts with 1 mole of isopentyl alcohol to make 1 mole of isopentyl acetate and 1 mold of water) Volume of isopentyl alcohol (d=0.809g/mL; MW=88.15g/mol): 2.5mL Moles of isopentyl alcohol: (2.5mL)(0.809g/1mL)(1mol/88.15g) = 0.02294mol Volume of glacial acetic acid (d=1.06g/mL; MW=60g/mol): 3.5mL Moles of glacial
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April 04‚ 2014 Fisher Esterification Introduction: Esters are one of the most common derivatives of carboxylic acids and are widely distributed in both nature and industry. A Fischer Esterification is the formation of an ester and water from alcohol and an acid. It is the simplest means of synthesizing an ester and requires the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The general reaction of Fischer esterification is‚ CH3CO2H + ROH ↔ CH3CO2R + H2O (reaction1) CH3COOH + ROH ↔
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Esterification Lab Introduction Esterification is an important part of organic chemistry that has many practical applications. Esterification can be used to make polymers. In most cases‚ esters are used for scents – they often smell fruity and sweet. In general‚ an esterification reaction results from a condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The carboxylic acid group loses an OH group‚ and the alcohol loses and H. For instance‚ the reaction between methanoic acid and methanol
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Figure 2. Preparation of ester via ion exchange resin The Lewis or Brønsted Acid – Catalyzed esterification is also know as Fischer Esterification which a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to yield an ester; typically in equilibrium. The position of equilibrium can be influenced or shifted by adding more of the acid or alcohol depending on the intended direction. The Fischer Esterification mechanism involves a series of completely reversible steps: an initial protonation of the carboxyl
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The objective of this experiment was the synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate using an esterification reaction between acetic acid and Isopentyl Alcohol‚ using a strong acid as a catalyst. The product was washed‚ and distilled. This approach is called Fisher esterification‚ whereby esters are produced by the esterification of a Carboxylic acid where it is heated with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid which acts as a catalyst. The ester produced had a banana flavor. The extraction of the
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Fischer Esterification is a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form an ester. Refluxing the two reactants with an acid catalyst forms the ester. Fischer Esterification was discovered in 1895 by the German chemist‚ Emily Fischer and Arthur Speier. The reaction is also sometimes known as Fischer-Speier Esterification. The major components of almost all natural flavors and odors are esters. These fragrant esters are formed by the Fischer Esterification reaction. Saponification
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present in‚ or derived from‚ plants and animals. Materials/ Apparatus: Bunsen burner‚ 3 test tubes‚ test tube holder‚ dropper‚ red litmus paper‚ albumin (cystine)‚ sugar (sucrose)‚ urea‚ soda lime‚ 1% sodium hydroxide‚ hydrochloric acid‚ 5% lead acetate Procedure A: Testing for Carbon‚ Hydrogen and Oxygen 1. 1g of sugar (sucrose) was placed in a dry test tube. 2. The test tube was heated in an inclined position. 3. Observations were recorded. 4.
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