and the absence of pain; by unhappiness‚ pain‚ and the privation of pleasure.«3 The fact that pleasure is the only good for Mill makes his Utilitarianism a form of Hedonism which is most associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus who claims that »Pleasure is our first and kindred good.«4 The difference to Epicurus’ Hedonism‚ however‚ is
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philosophy moves toward a new emphasis. Four groups of philosophers helped to shape this new direction‚ namely‚ the Epicureans‚ the Stoics‚ the Skeptics‚ and the Neoplatonist. They were‚ of course‚ greatly influenced by their predecessors‚ so we find that Epicurus relied upon Democritus for his atomic theory of nature‚ the Stoics made use of Heraclitus’ notion of a fiery substance permeating all things‚ the Skeptics built a method of inquiry upon the Socratic form of doubt‚ and Plotinus drew heavily upon Plato
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Chapter 1 The Philosophy of Happiness Aristotle on Happiness Since the earliest days of Western thought philosophers have concerned themselves with the nature of happiness. One of the earliest to ask the question ‘what is happiness?’ was Aristotle‚ who‚ in a manner typical of philosophers‚ before providing an answer insisted on making a distinction between two different questions. His first question was what was meant by the word ‘happiness’—or rather‚ its ancient Greek equivalent eudaimonia. His
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Philosophical approaches such as Hedonism‚ Religious approaches from a Christian and Buddhist point of view‚ the Economic view and the Scientific view‚ respectively. Let us now delve into the philosophy of happiness/pleasure under hedonism. According to Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy‚ “Hedonism is a school of thought that argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good”. Simply put a hedonist aims to maximise net pleasure – which is pleasure minus pain. Hedonism is believed to have been founded
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December 20th 2011 Hypermodernity and Paradoxical Individualism 1. Some writers like to say that the eyes are the mirrors of the soul. They are wrong: fashion is… at least in our 21st century society. Foucault has greatly contributed to shape our understanding of the consequences of disciplinary power on us through time. Modernity was the time during which things such as the rise of bureaucracy; institutions and other psychologically enslaving features were beginning to be openly talked
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terms and given their views of what happiness means. Greek philosopher Aristippus based his view of happiness on physical pleasure and to the possession of items owned that provide a person with pleasure‚ known as “hedonism”. Greek thinker Epicurus invented the term “epicurean”. Epicurus felt happiness came from being free from pain. Greek philosopher Zeno felt that true happiness is born from how we respond to events that happen to us-“Stoicism”. Philosophers Plato and Aristotle both believed that
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Socrates and Plato used critical and analytical thinking patterns in their philosophical quest for knowledge. The questioning of why and how or critical and analytical thinking are the foundations of their beliefs. Plato was the student and Socrates the teacher. Socrates believed that reasoning could give meaning to the what‚ how and why of moral judgment and Plato believed this type of reasoning would give understanding to “the perfect Goodness” (pg. 17). Plato believed that this kind of thinking
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Diogenes of Sinope He believed that virtue was better revealed in action than in theory. He used his simple lifestyle and behaviour to criticise the social values and institutions of what he saw as a corrupt society. He declared himself a cosmopolitan. Diogenes made a virtue of poverty. He begged for a living and slept in a large ceramic jar[4] in the marketplace. He became notorious for his philosophical stunts such as carrying a lamp in the daytime‚ claiming to be looking for an honest man. He
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philosophical interests while also drawing attention to points of interpretative difficulty and controversy. james warren is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Classics‚ University of Cambridge. Previous books include Facing Death: Epicurus and his Critics (2004) and Epicurus and Democritean Ethics: an Archaeology of Ataraxia (2002). Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press‚ 2009 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press‚ 2009 The Cambridge Companion to
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otherwise it lacks something of moral completeness‚ though it may not be thereby rendered totally immoral. We frequently say that something which a person has done was right enough in itself‚ but he did not do it in the proper place or season. Hedonism The supreme good of man according to Aristippus is pleasure or the enjoyment of the moment‚ and pleasure is essentially gentle motion. Pleasure can never be bad‚ and the primary form of it is bodily pleasure. But‚ in order to secure the maximum
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