THE SHADE OF SWORDS Jihad and the conflict between Islam and Christianity M.J. Akbar Book Review By Mehr Islam (BSMS5) Introduction Jihad is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic‚ the word Jihad means "struggle". Within the context of the classical Islam it refers to struggle against those who do not believe in the Islamic God. However‚ the word has even wider implications. Jihad means "to struggle in the way of Allah". The "greater jihad" is the inner struggle by a believer
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It is known historically that the Crusades started because the emperor of the Byzantine Empire was afraid of the Turks threat to invade‚ leading him to ask Pope Urban II for help. The pope then decided to start a series of wars‚ known as the Crusades‚ to take the holy land‚ Jerusalem‚ back from the Arabs. Although it is still a question whether helping the emperor was truly the motive of the pope. At this time the pope was also struggling with the Investiture Controversy‚ a power struggle between
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Crusades were military units that began “in the late 11th century‚” and was initiated “by Western Christians” to regain “the Holy Land” and stop the expanse of both Muslims and Islam. Of course‚ the warriors or the knights were guaranteed for a cancellation of their wrongdoings‚ which are accepted as sins in Christianity‚ and an immediate acceptance “to Heaven” as soon as they were killed in the military action. According to Douglas E. Streusand‚ Jihad means “holy war” as a usual usage of the word
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The film “The Crusades: An Arab Perspective” is a TV series that was produced by Al Jazeera English which emphasizes the history of the holy war between crusaders and Islam. In the first place‚ the western European we know today was not the same in the 11th century. Europeans had no title of land and they were serfs who worked in agricultural lands. Most knights would rob people just to accumulate income. The church who had the power to govern wanted to conquer the Islam region. It was their calling
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Terrorism has gradually uprooted the ethics of civilization. It is the greatest enemy of our nation. By the help of some ill-advised persons‚ it is now flourishing rapidly. Collecting funds is no more a tough job for them. Terrorism has acquired global dimensions. Developed nations may play a good role ill uprooting terrorism. Dilly laws may not prove effective 10 end terrorism. General public’s co-operation and psychological rehabilitation is very much required. Essay And Article On : The Menace
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------------------------------------------------- CRUSADES The Crusades where a sequence of wars starting in 1095‚ and ending in 1291. A total of nine Crusades. It was a battle between the Christians and the Muslims‚ both sides having the same goal of taking the holy land (Jerusalem). The cause of the crusades was in 1095; the Arabs took control of Jerusalem‚ and shut off all the Christian and Jewish pilgrims from entering. Of course‚ different religions have different beliefs‚ and they both
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Muslims which started the first Crusade. There were nine Crusades starting in 1095 and ending in 1099. The Crusades had many effects‚ both positive and negative. The Crusades had many positive impacts on the lands it took place on. One good effect is it lifted Europe out of the Dark Ages‚ they were a time where there was disappearance of life and goods. For instance “The Crusades hastened Europe’s emerge from the so called Dark Ages (Pope urban Calls for Crusades‚ Jennifer Stock)” The quote means
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three important reasons for the Crusades: including‚ names‚ dates‚ places‚ persons of interest‚ events‚ edicts‚ etc… One of the main reason for the crusades was to take back their holy land which was Jerusalem. Two main religions fought for the ownership of Jerusalem and they were Christians and Muslims. The Pope Innocent III was trying to expand the holy Roman Empire and reclaim the holy land from the Islamic Empire. This event lead to the start of the first crusade which began in the year 1096. Another
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The Crusades were a series of political and military conquests led by the Catholic Church to gain back the Holy Lands. There were four crusades of the Middle Ages and the Children’s Crusade. The launching of the Crusades changed the role of the church as it became a military system and the church’s relationship with the Muslim world became more hostile. The launching of the Crusades changed the role of the church because as the church gained more power it became more of a military symbol
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Who‚ or what‚ was responsible for the failure of the Third crusade? The third crusade was launched in 1189 due to the catastrophic defeat of Crusader forces at the Battle of the Hattin‚ in 1187‚ and the subsequent loss of Jerusalem. The news of this significant setback was‚ according to the chronicler Ernoul‚ so great that‚ Pope Urban died of grief when he heard the news. As a result‚ the newly elected Pope issued a Papal bull called the “Audita Tremendi” and in turn the three most powerful Christian
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